A influência do perfil clínico e sociodemográfico de potenciais doadores de órgãos e tecidos na efetividade da doação

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) and The Transplantation Society (TTS) understand as a possible organ and tissue donor that individual with physical injury and who needs mechanical ventilation, starting to be considered donors when there is an opening of the brain death protocol. Also considered the eligible donor, the one with confirmation of brain death and without previous contraindications to the donation. The effective donor is the one in which the operation for the removal of organs and tissues begins. Objective: to evaluate if there is a relationship between the sociodemographic and clinical profile of potential organ/tissue donors and the effectiveness of the donation for the recipient patients. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive study, carried out from secondary sources of medical records of the Medical Archives and Statistics Service with a time cut from the years 2016 to 2020. The independent variables used in this study were sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, hospitalization events, and comorbidities. The dependent variable considered was effective donation, with at least one organ harvested. Data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics, using Yates' corrected chi square test and Fisher's exact test to identify association between variables. Results: In the period studied, 512 notifications of potential organ donors were made, of these, 316 composed the study sample. Most were men (61.7%), mean age 38.4 years (SD±18.2), catholic (34.5%), with up to 11 years of schooling (25%), without partners (61.7%) and born in the interior of the state (54.7%). Regarding the clinical aspects and events during hospitalization of the patients reported, about 19.3% (n=61) required hemotherapy, 34.5% (n=109) had cardiac arrest during hospitalization, 2.8% (n=9) had some type of shock, The prevalence of infection in these patients was 27.5% (n=87), 63.9% (n=202) used antibiotics, 93.4% (n=295) were using some type of vasoactive drug, and the most used was noradrenaline in 92.1% (n=291) of the cases. The mean time elapsed between the first clinical examination and the closing of the complementary examination was 2.15 days (dp±2.18), as well as the mean time between hospitalization and the closing of the protocol was 9.3 days (dp±10.3).64 effective donations were counted, representing 20.3% of the notifications. No associations were identified between the sociodemographic characteristics and the effectiveness of the donations. The occurrence of cardiac arrest was associated with the effectiveness of the donations (p=0.04). Conclusion: In the studied population, the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics did not influence the effectiveness of the donation. It is emphasized that there is a need for knowledge about the organ donation process among the population and the professionals involved in the assistance, as one of the key points for the completeness of the process and a higher uptake of organs available for transplant.