Detecção de antimicrobianos e enzimas de basidiomycetes da Amazônia, Brasil

Abstract

The Class Basidimycetes is formed by those fungi called mushroom ande ar-of-wood, beyond others groups less known. Due to the importance of this group of fungi, the biotechnological potential was investigated in this study. The mushroom were collected in forest areas of campus of University of Amazonas (UFAM), Bosque da Ciência and campus V8 (INPA), Reserva de Campina (INPA), located in BR 174, km 45, Manaus, Amazonas and Urucu (Coari/AM). After the isolation micelial, the fungi were evaluated as regards the growth at 280C, for 30 days in liquid cultures GPY and BD to determine the antimicrobial activity. The samples were filtered and the mycelium was dry to determine the biomass. The culture filtrates had been tested against Ralstonia solanacearum, agent of bacterial wilt of several vegetal species, Corynespora sp., Colletotrichum sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus e Salmonella anatum. For an enzyme production study, the fungus had been cultivated in liquid culture and tested in solid medium for proteases, amylases, cellulases, pectinases and phenoloxidases. In another stage, the production of amylases and proteases in different nutritives sources was studied. Sixty samples of Basidiomycetes were collected from February to June 2003. The families Agaricaceae, Auriculariaceae, Cantharellaceae, Ganodermataceae, Hygrophoraceae, Polyporaceae, Russulaceae, Stereaceae, Tremellaceae e Tricholomataceae had been identified. The Reserva de Campina was the one that presented greater diversity of fungi. The results demonstrated inhibitory effect of culture filtrates against bacterial strains tested. The species E. coli, S. anatum and B. cereus, beyond inhibition halos, had presented halos of grown stimulus. It was not effect against the fungi Corynespora sp. and Colletotrichum sp.. The culture filtrate Trametes sp. presented greater activity of inhibition. The medium BD favored greater production of dry biomass. The production of protease an amylase was detected for all the isolated ones, four produced amylases, five produced phenoloxidases and one produced pectinase. For production of amylases, fungi cultivated in medium added of wheat bran had gotten biggest halos. For proteases, the biggest halos had been observed for the fungi grown in way with fish flour.