Processo de enfermagem na segurança do paciente cirúrgico: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Objective: To investigate, within the scientific literature, which studies have been developed and published regarding the Nursing Process in Surgical Patient Safety. Method: A descriptive study in the form of an Integrative Literature Review (ILR), conducted with original articles available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, published in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature (LILACS) and the United States National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) between 2019 and 2024, using the following descriptors: Nursing, Surgical Center; Surgical Center Nursing; Patient Safety; Nursing Process. A total of 116 articles were found, of which 5 were selected at the end of the process. Results: The results indicate that although the Nursing Process (NP) is not always directly cited, its elements—such as data collection, planning, implementation, and evaluation—are present in practices aimed at patient safety. The application of the NP proved effective in organizing care, standardizing procedures, and the early identification of risks. The studies also pointed out challenges such as communication failures, lack of knowledge about the use of the surgical checklist, insufficient training, and weaknesses in the safety culture. Conclusion: It was found that the performance of the nursing team, when well-structured and supported by committed management, contributes significantly to the improvement of safety and efficiency in surgical procedures. The proper implementation of the surgical checklist, combined with the promotion of a culture focused on learning from errors, stands out as a fundamental strategy capable of promoting significant advances in the improvement and quality of surgical patient safety.