Análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental e os riscos de inundação no alto curso da Bacia do Mindu, Manaus-AM

Abstract

The analysis of this research has as its main agent the upper course of the Mindu Hydrographic Basin, which is included within the urban area of the city of Manaus. In this dissertation it is proposed the discussion about the geomorphological and social aspects, these are focused on the aspects of vulnerability. Combined with these results, it analyzed areas that occur most floods in the upper course of the basin, for this the methodology of this work was divided into: 1) characterize the geomorphology; 2) characterize the socio-environmental vulnerability and 3) map the areas at risk of flooding. For the creation of the geomorphological maps, it was used as a matrix base of ESA - European Space Agency - in addition to this platform, two sites were used in the methodology of this work, the IBGE and the SACE platform developed by CPRM, these were essential for the mapping of the most vulnerable areas from a social and environmental point of view. With the availability of the data in the respective sites, it was possible to carry out the cartographic production in which it shows the spatialization of these occurrences, however it was necessary to go to the field to prove the monitoring of these most affected areas. After data acquisition, the basin was divided into 3 physiographic regions: upper, middle and lower course, this fragmentation was defined according to the differences in altitude that runs through the main channel, so the middle course occupies 83% of the total area, then the low course with 12% and the smallest area, the upper course with 5% of its totality. The results showed that the main channel is 20.9 km long, and crosses 27 neighborhoods, this expansion occurred from the year 2010, when a large part of the basin limit was already occupied. The drainage density (Dd) indicates low availability of channels for linear flow and of water and dendritic materials. The Mindu basin is part of the group of basins that have the lowest values of hydrographic density in Manaus. As for the surface course extension (EPS) value, it indicates that the basin is classified as median, in which it receives a high surface runoff, interfering with the dynamics of the main channel. It is classified as a 5-order basin and has the highest slope classified as smooth undulating with approximately 50% to 60% of the total area. Regarding the upper course, this region has a perimeter of 13.6 km and an area of 5.74 km². In this region, it was also possible to prove that of the 5 points monitored for flooding by SACE, 4 are still recurrent and show families that are facing difficulties from a social and structural point of view.