Ocorrência da broca (Coleoptera: curculionidae) em frutos de Eugenia punicifolia (kunth) dc. (Pedra-umecaá) em uma área experimental da EMBRAPA Amazônia Ocidental

Abstract

Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) D.C species also known as pedra-ume-caá is a wild species that belong to the Myrtaceae family and found in areas of poultry, capoierão and campinarana in the Amazon region. Popularly known as insulin plant is widely used for the treatment of diabetes. Due to lack of information about this medicinal plant, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of drill (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of fruit and seed, determining the level of infestation and germination of brocade and non-brocade seeds, this being the first report of occurrence in the reproductive structures of E. punicifolia. The experiment was conducted in a crop with 160 plants of this species located at Embrapa Western Amazon, located at km 29 of the AM-010 (Manaus-Itacoatiara) during the years 2010 to 2012. Were marked sixteen matrices, where we evaluated the average production of ripe fruits, as well as the standard deviation. These same procedures were used for the number of days after release of the larvae of the fruit and also the number of days of larva stage till adult stage. For the quality of seeds it was used the randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds each. When statistical significance, it was used the Tukey test at the 5% level to compare means. It was found that higher fruit production occurred in 2012, although the year 2011 was the longest period of production, since it was started in March and lasted up until October, whereas infested fruits represented less then 50.0% of the total fruits. The larva leaves the ripe fruit (red) after 14.0 ± 3.2 days of harvest. It takes 61.8 ± 5.8 days for the birth of the adult insect in vermiculite. The fruit borer affected seed germination, leading to high rate of deteriorated seeds