A (re)organização do território e bem viver para os povos indígenas do Alto Rio Negro: da maloca à cidade

Abstract

The original indigenous territory had a spatial organization according to the political organization proper to the various indigenous peoples that was modified from the contact with western society. The influence of the colonizing and civilizing process imposed on these peoples other cultures and social and territorial principles that led them to the disruption of their social and political relations. Among them is the maloca, the center of conviviality, maintenance and perpetuation of cultural and social values that guided in some way the lives of these peoples. The objective of this research was to understand the (re) organization of the indigenous territory of the city and its relationship with the good living. The theoretical contributions of the research are centered on the conceptions of maloca, village, community, good living, indigenous territory, urban indigenous territory. Its methodological line is participant research, with field research and for the elaboration of participant mapping. With the destruction of the maloca by the missionaries, part of the cultural practices were banned and many cultural codes and signs fell into oblivion / loss under the influence of Christianity. After the arrival of the colonizers and missionaries, the maloca that was a cultural space and at the same time territorial, was replaced by another form of territorial organization, the village, which was later called community. Another factor that was taken into consideration was the migration of some peoples to cities that eventually occupy territories that form or resemble their original territories and continue to maintain social, political and economic relations with them, transforming them into what are preliminarily termed indigenous territories. urban areas. Through the participant research it was possible to demystify the concept of territory and demonstrate the cultural resistance from the territorial (re) organization as well as the relations with the Good Living, demonstrated in small communities created spontaneously and others mixed, but different. organized by the imposition of missions. The social, cultural and political organization of the maloca, even if rebuilt with a new spatial and territorial configuration, strengthens the identity of the peoples while contributing to enhance the knowledge and epistemologies that have been devalued by Western society. Keywords: Space, Indigenous Territory, Maloca, Village, City, Well Living.