Práticas de gestão e indicadores de sustentabilidade em cultivos de bananeiras em dois municípios do Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Globalization has brought about changes in social, economic and politics of the country and stimulated significant advances in various sectors of society, both in urban areas and in rural as it stoked the discussions to reconcile the preservation of natural resources and economic development, social and cultural. The development of the Amazon depends on how its potential will be administered by reconciling ecological balance and sustainable use of resources, so that it reflects in substantial improvement of its population's quality of life, economic growth, modernization, technological advances and their integration to the economy national and global. The potential for wealth and regional development policies were insufficient to foster economic development of the Amazonas state for the sustainable use of existing biodiversity resources in the region. This is because the production chain of regional commercially exploited species is still restricted, with inefficient management processes, resulting in low productivity, high production costs, low quality products and little or no added value. The culture of banana falls within that context. These factors impede the competitiveness of the product and give little benefit to agents of the productive chain. This paper proposed to characterize the production of banana system as a way to identify the management practices of the production chain in the municipalities of Rio Preto da Eva and Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas and analyze the potential development of these municipalities from the idealization of this culture and establish indicators for sustainable development. For this, information was obtained through a literature review and verbal data by questionnaires and structured interviews in the three sectors involved in the research: producing farms of bananas, institutional and organizational environments. Although there are a large number of public and private organizations in the state of Amazonas able to give all the technical and financial support to banana producers to obtain high yields on their farms, productivity of this culture in the municipalities of Presidente Figueiredo and Rio Preto da Eva is well below that considered desirable. This low productivity, around 14.5 tons per ha year could reach at least 50.0 tons per ha year, creating conditions for this culture to be inserted as a sustainable development factor in the region. The implementation of bio-based industries in order to take advantage of the fruits in the two counties could be a solution to reduce losses of bananas, as well as adding value to the product and strengthen the production chain of this fruit species in the region.