Estudo químico da geoprópolis das abelhas Melipona seminigra e Melipona interrupta utilizando as técnicas de RMN, EM associados à Quimiometria

Abstract

Mankind has always sought in nature sources of raw materials, whether of vegetable origin or products derived from animals that could be used with therapeutic and medicinal characteristics for the treatment of their diseases. Among the many, one has been used over the years by the inhabitants of the Amazon region, the geopropolis, which is produced by stingless bees of the genus Melipona. The M. seminigra and M. interrupta species are known to be less aggressive and quite sociable, facilitating their creation and management through Meliponicutura. The geopropolis has a complex composition rich in several chemical classes greatly because of its formation include parts of plants, resins, pollen, in addition to the soil and mineral mixture and which consequently can provide promising biological activities such as antitumor, antitussive, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, making it very appreciable by consumer communities. In the Amazon, besides the climate, the flora used to collect bee subsidies directly influences the chemical composition of the geopropolis, reflecting the biological properties of the product. The reduced amount of studies on the chemical composition of the geopropolis and the possible botanical origin of the substances, emphasized the importance of conducting the research. In this context, the study was developed to chemically characterize the geopropolis of five different locations in the vicinity of Manaus. The methanolic extracts were obtained by the methodology of maceration (48h) of the geopropolis followed by ultrasonic bath (20min), filtered and analyzed by Mass Spectrometry (EM) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and it was possible to differentiate the chemical constituents between the points (PCA and HCA) evidencing the presence of flavonoids, organic acids and benzophenones. Twenty-eight chemical substances were proposed by direct injection into the High Resolution Mass Spectrometry equipment. GC-MS analyzes revealed the presence of fourteen terpene substances. The results of IC 50 and total phenols presented anti-radical potential for the extracts of the geopropolis of the study species. The antimicrobial assay of the extracts of M. interrupta showed satisfactory results of inhibition and death against strains E. feacalis and S. aureus. The research contributed with chemical and biological knowledge about the bees' geoprópolis M. seminigra and M. interrupta, since there are few reports in the literature about the product.