Formação de professores alfabetizadores, suas múltiplas determinações e possibilidades de seu vir-a-ser

Abstract

This thesis aimed to analyze the historical-cultural conditions of the formation of literacy teachers in Brazil, in general, and in a municipal school in Manaus, in particular, in order to promote the appropriation of knowledge about the process of children's literacy in the perspective of formation of conceptual thinking. Specifically, we sought to: a) understand the contributions of the Historical-Cultural Theory to the formation of literacy teachers, as a possibility of explanation and transformation of the investigated reality; b) understand how the formation of literacy teachers in Brazil has been configured, considering the training policies, the conceptions of literacy and its impacts in the construction of the repertoire of knowledge of the teachers of the research; c) evaluate the construction of a collaborative formative process, in which teachers appear as protagonists, reflecting on their historical-cultural constraints, challenges and possibilities. In order to materialize this proposal, an empirical research was carried out, having as research field a municipal school in the city of Manaus and, as subjects, two literacy teachers. It was a research of a qualitative approach, which sought theoretical and methodological foundations in the Historical-Cultural Theory (HCT) and, from its contributions, systematized a methodological design that made it possible to combine research and teacher training, by means of observation, autoscopy (individual and collective), dialogical group and semi-structured interview (individual and collective). Thus, the research revealed that, unlike what it may seem, even though there was an increase in teacher training programs since the 1990s, the training processes have offered little or no opportunity for teachers to advance their knowledge about literacy, it is more like moments of inculcation of the conception of literacy that governs the educational policies in each historical moment. On the other hand, collaborative formative processes, such as that developed in the research, have the potential to promote the formation of concepts necessary to the teaching activity of literacy teachers. However, such potential can only be realized if the concrete conditions necessary for its realization are created. HCT's assumptions about the formation of conceptual thinking and experiences made it possible to envisage the coming-to-be of the training of literacy teachers, in the perspective of humanization.