As camaroeiras, as pescadeiras e o arreio: pesca artesanal do camarão e conservação ambiental em comunidades de várzea no município de Parintins - AM

Abstract

Artisanal fishing for shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum) practiced in the communities of San Sebastian of Brasilia and Santo Antonio do Catispera located in Parintins-Am municipality in the Lower Amazon is performed by most women. This fishing is a major source of income for the family of these fishers. Although economic practices of these families are pluriactive as in other rural communities in the Amazon, fishing for shrimp overlaps the other productive activities to be the highest income. This fishing is done with great intensity in the period from June to October aiming the marketing. The lack of protection for the environment and the natural resource fishing, due to the lack of effective fisheries agreement, of a closed season for shrimp, the creation of buffaloes in open area and the government's failure has caused environmental degradation that could lead this productive activity to an extinction risk in the area generating economic and social impacts. The decrease in the size of crustaceans and its quantitative in fishing lakes are two factors perceived by fishers, which is already present as a result of the impact of overfishing and the buffalo in open area respectively. In the 1960s, with the exhaustion of the "cycle" of jute in Parintins, economic alternatives have moved for fishing which directly influenced the change in the productive logic of shrimp, which began being held for its own account, has become almost exclusively for sale. The money resulting from this fishing is spent in maintaining and improving the house, buying household items, clothing for the family, fishing tackle and a piece savings is made. The fishers do all their work in the shrimp fishery process, but most do not have the RGP or have access to the PSDPA therefore live outside of their rights. Therefore, this dissertation aims to describe the way of life and the work process in the shrimp fishery carried out by women living in communities of Brasilia and Catispera in Parintins-AM municipality, emphasizing that the process of fishery resources conservation strategies and the existence public policy for the sector to contribute to improvement of living conditions of fishing families. The methodology was qualitative approach. We carried out the literature research, we went to the locus vivendi collect data for analysis through the use of direct observation, semi-structured interviews, group meetings, photographic record and mental map. The theoretical framework is based on Fraxe (2011), Heller (2008), Lima (2001), Noda (2007), Furtado (2002), Pereira (2007), Scherer (2004) among other authors. The research subjects were the shrimp fishers of Brasilia and Catispera. Analysis of the data was from the dialogue established between the bibliographic studies and the data collected. The study points to the urgency of environmental protection as a means of sustainability of fishing productive activity.