Política Nacional de Gestão Ambiental e Territorial de Terras Indígenas: estratégias etnopolíticas para a autogovernança da OPIAJ em Pauini (AM)

Abstract

This thesis focuses on the indigenous movement in Pauini, a municipality located in the south of the state of Amazonas, 950 km away from the capital. The main objective is to understand the ethnopolitical strategies of the Organization of Apurinã and Jamamadi Indigenous Peoples (OPIAJ) for the construction of its self-governance in the conduct of the National Policy for Environmental and Territorial Management of Indigenous Lands (PNGATI) in Pauini (AM). Policies targeting indigenous peoples are guided by the polysemic concept of indigenism, in the perspective that this concept constitutes a discursive field and practices of historical situations. In this way, PNGATI is associated with multiple government initiatives to control territorial and environmental management. OPIAJ was born from the initiative of the indigenous movement of Pauini guided by the Union of Indigenous Nations of Acre, South of Amazonas and Northwest of Rondônia (UNI-ACRE), extinct in 2005. It represents about 4,000 indigenous, between Apurinã and Jamamadi, located in 10 indigenous lands, seven of which are demarcated and three are under identification study. In conjunction with other indigenous associations in southern Amazon, OPIAJ constitutes an ethnopolitical network to confront the deforestation frontier advance in the region, considered the last frontier of expansion. The intention of OPIAJ in search self-governance of indigenous territories happens through the promotion of an inter-institutional network for indigenous and indigenist policies integration in Pauini, called Integrated Schedule; for holding the Meetings by Indigenous Land, a pioneering local model of indigenous territories management; for maintaining the katsopary mask tradition, as a political instrument in interethnic relations and for the indigenous investment in party politics. Field research covered the period from 2017 to 2020, considering the 2018-2020 biennium as the key period, given the political context of the Bolsonaro government, which required indigenous strategies to confront the border expansion policy, devised by the extreme right.The ethnographic material analyzed was collected in collective negotiation events such as the Seminar Licensing and Great Works in southern Amazonas, the OPIAJ General Assemblies, in 2017 and 2019, the Água Preta/Inari and rio Seruini Meetings by Indigenous Lands and the 2020 municipal election campaign.