Habilidades sociais de crianças com o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) que frequentam o Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE)

Abstract

The present study, supported by the Bioecological Model of Human Development (MBDH), proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, investigated the Social Skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) attending specialized municipal school network in Manaus. In general, it characterized the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attending the specialized educational service (ESA) offered in the multifunctional resource room (SRM). Specifically, 1) Identified the personal resources used by teachers in the multifunction resource room (SRM) during specialized educational service (ESA); 2) Described the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attending the specialized educational service (ESA) offered in the multifunction resource room (SRM); and 3) analyzed the relationship between social skills of children with ASD and the immediate environment (SRM/ESA) highlighting experiences that favored child development. In the empirical-theoretical-methodological way of the research, we dialogue with authors who discuss the theme of inclusive education; we opted for a descriptive field research with a qualitative approach. The MBDH made it possible to analyze the human development considering the synergic interaction of four components: process, person, context and time - PPCT; and sought to learn the network of relationships that occur in different contexts, integrated into four interconnected levels: microsystem; mesosystem; exosystem; macrosystem. The ecological insertion, as research method, allowed the researcher to enter the immediate environment, where they occurred, the observations, informal conversations and interviews. To complement the data collection, the Social Skills Assessment System (SSRS / BR) was applied in the versions for teachers and parents. From this instrument, only social skills were evaluated. Two (2) multifunction resource room teachers (SRM), four (4) students with ASD and four (4) parents of students participated in this study. The results revealed that the strategies used by teachers in ESA offered in SRM, with emphasis on social skills, contributed timidly to the social, cognitive and affective development of children with ASD. The overall teacher and parent assessment score via SSRS-BR revealed that 75% of the children with ASD had the "Below average" level. We conclude that the process of inclusion of students with TEA and others related to Special Education is still dependent on many coordinated actions that unite teachers, families, schools, the Municipal Education Department, Universities and the community.