Manejo florestal e tecnologia da madeira: viabilidade da utilização da madeira de matamatá em produtos de alto valor agregado

Abstract

Trees of the genus Eschweilera known as matamatá are abundant species, widely distributed in the forest, have important characteristics for forest management, but are not exploited due to the scarcity of studies on their technological characterization showing their potential, such as machining and physical properties that would contribute to inclusion of new species on the market and sustainability of forest ecosystems. In this sense, the present work had as objective to evaluate the performance of the wood known as matamatá, as its physical properties and its behavior in the machining process to be used in the follow up of the wood industry. For this research two species Eschweilera coriacea (A.DC) Mori and Eschweilera truncata, A. C. Sm were selected, from which a tree of each species was felled, and the commercial bole of each tree unfolded in logs, and the logs in timber. From each tree 1 base disc was removed for macroscopic anatomical identification, apparent density, basic density, retratibility, anisotropy coefficient, calorific value, ash, silica, extractive content and lignin. And of the timber samples were obtained for the tests of the dynamic modulus of elasticity and machining process. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics, Tukey's test and comparative analysis. According to the results, the wood is considered of high density, presents an anisotropy coefficient of 1.70 and 1.90 being indicative of medium low stability wood, presenting a good classification of the wood quality for machining. The dynamic modulus of elasticity allowed to classify the woods of the two species into high resistance quality classes. The results of the chemical analyzes for ash (1.81% and 1.70%), silica (0.66% and 0.38%) and content of extractive (5.89% and 5.11%) are in accordance with those attributed for hardwood species, while lignina (39% and 52%) no showed similarity. The wood of E. coriacea and E. truncata presented excellent performance in the evaluation of machining, having received excellent concept for the tests of planer, sandpaper, drilling by drill, frame in the top and lathe; good for lateral court test by drill and; bad for the nail drill test, therefore these woods show excellent quality for machinability. In short, none of the woods showed differences in the tests for core and sapwood, demonstrating the same quality of woody material, thus corroborating for the increase in yield as regards wood processing. In the manufacture of the products it reveals that the wood receives excellent finishing and gluing, besides reaffirming the quality of the wood for the machining processes. From the parts used in the machining processes were produced products such as: furniture, decorative items, glasses frame and scale for musical instrument In general, it can be concluded that the wood of the species studied is suitable for use in the confection of high value-added products, and can be considered as an alternative to subsidize the timber Market, once apresent the have similar characteristics the species marketed and, because they are species of great occurrence throughout the Amazon.