Estudo Fitoquímico e Biológico de Duguetia riparia (Annonaceae)

Abstract

The Annonaceae family is made up by 135 kind; 34 of these can be found in South America, where prevail the Annona, Guatteria, Rollinia, Xylopia and Duguetia genus. Among these, 29 take place in Brazil, including the Duguetia genus with 50 of the 70 classified species. The species selected for this study was D. riparia, known popularly as "araticum of the forest", "envira", "black-envira", "envira-tai" and "makahy-myra", ocurr in the Colombian Amazonian, Surinam, French Guiana, Bolivia and Brazil, in forests no flooded, periodically flooded or in savannas, frequently along the rivers with production of fruits during practically the whole year. This study has isolated possible secondary metabolites and determined the capacity of capture of the free radicals, concentration of phenols, toxicity onto larval stage of Artemia salina, stumps of Leishmania amazonensis and larvas of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Starting of 678g of the fine branches of D. riparia were removed extracts and fractions, being softened with hexane, methanol and methanol/H2O (80%). These extracts, after successive partitions, originated, respectively, a hydroalcoholic fraction, a rich fraction in alkaloids and the soluble methanolic extract 80%. The successive chromatographical divisions of the methanolic extracts, aqueous methanolic to 80% and soluble methanolic, as well as, of the hydroalcoholic and alkaloids fraction originated samples that were investigated as for the presence of bioactives substances. The hexanic, methanolic and soluble methanolic extracts, together with hydroalcoholic and alkaloids fraction, were tested for the capacity of arresting free radicals, their concentration of phenol and toxicity onto larval stage of Artemia salina, stumps of Leishmania amazonensis and larvas of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The phytochemistry study was revealed suitable response, once it resulted in the isolation and identification of the liriodenine, oxoputerine, lisycamine and asimilobine alkaloids. Secondary assay evidenced for this species, a promising raw material in the obtaining of new medicines of plants, because the hexanic extract obtained, for the test against Artemia salina, a DL50 compatible with a possible anti-tumoral activity (DL50 = 4,9 μg/mL); significant result against the stumps of Leishmania amazonensis (DL50 = 46,4 μg/mL) and good quality of antioxidant activity (CE50 = 6,99 μg/mL), in addition, to confine free radicals; among them, the alkaloid fraction with CE50 equivalent to 1,15 μg/mL and the methanolic extract, with CE50 equal to 1,22 μg/mLLisycamine, Oxoputerine