Resposta imune humoral na Leishmaniose Tegumentar humana causada por Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis no município de Manaus, AM - Brasil

Abstract

The protozoa of the genus Leishmania has a great diverty of species and are related whith the clinical form of American tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) distinguish through the geographical distribuition, the reservoir hosts and the vectors involved in the cycle, with incidence and mortality variation according with the region. Although the clinical variation forms found in patients with ATL the ilness could be grouped in three basics types: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. The immune response profile differs in the linfocyte activation of TCD4+ Th1 or Th2. The Th1 and Th2 cells could be identidied through the secreted cytokines, the Th1 linfocytes produced activators cytokines by immunity cells mediated as well as the INFg, INF a, IL-2 and IL-12. Howerver the infection susceptibility is related to Th2 cell response that secreted cytokine IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-B, promoting the antibody response. In the mucosal leishmaniasis has a misture of Th1 and Th2 response profile, before and after treatment, with higt levels of IgA. The leterature shows that there is a positive correlation between the high levels of IgE and the Montenegro reaction, suggesting that these antigens guide the TCD+ response to a Th1 profile. For this one, the levels of immunoglobulins isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE) were measured in the serum samples of 36 patients infected with cutaneos and mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, from the Manaus municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil. The technicals employed were ELISA and Western Blotting. This study showed low levels of IgM and IgG in patients infected with L.(V.) guyanensis by the ELISA method using the OPD substract tht was sinsible to detect the serics immunoglobulins, for this method could not be used as diagnostic but is indicate to follow-up the infection evolution.