Secagem de cortes de Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas, Schinz 1822) salgados procedentes de áreas de Reserva Ambiental e de Piscicultura do Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Fish consumption is associated with quality of life standards and prevention of some diseases. However, consumption of fish of the brazilian population is still low, estimated at 10 kg/capita/year, with regional disparities and the IBGE shows that consumption of fish reaches over 30 kg/capita/year in Amazonas State. Among the various fish species prized by Amazon's Arapaima (Arapaima gigas, Schinz 1822) and between the forms of consumption of this stands out the dry salt. However, flaws in the production process of dry salted fish can jeopardize the health of the consumer. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the processes of artificial drying of salted fillets of pirarucus from environmental reserve areas and fish farming State of Amazonas. 05 were used copies of pirarucu, where 03 were from areas of environmental reserve and 02 of fish farming. Previously, 02 copies were used in the pilot project of the study for adjustments of the processing methodology and analysis. After the acquisition, the fish were heavy, properly sanitized, removed the skin, were headed, removed the fins and vertebrae and then were filetados. The fillets were divided into three cuts: tail, loin and belly, where the first two were salted through the dry salting and the last in brine. Subsequently the savory cuts, passed by artificial drying (35, 40 and 45° C) and at the end, the cuts were stored at room temperature (+/-28°C), for shelf study, during the period of 90 days. During use of the salting and drying techniques studies of physico-chemical analysis (pH, water activity, level of chlorides, centesimal composition) and for the study of shelf life beyond the determination of pH, the N-BVT and TBA. The yield of Skinless fish fillet area of environmental reserve was 53.18% and the area of fish farming was 42.42%. Among the cuts "in natura" the most was of 43.34% for cutting the loin area of environmental reserve. After salting processing 85.99% yield was achieved for the belly cut, the area of environmental reserve, similar Court, however the area of fish farming, has reached the lowest value, 54.21%. After drying, the most was 65.09% for the belly, cutting the area of environmental reserve, dry at 40° C and the lowest, in similar drying temperature, was cutting back, however the area of fish farming, 9.94%. The highest content of chlorides achieved was 36.55% to the cut tail in dry salt, fish farming area, the smallest reached 17.51%, this being the belly cut in wet brining, the area of environmental reserve. The lower water activity value was 0.76 for cutting the tail area of environmental reserve and the lowest pH value of 5.71 for cutting womb, fish farming area, in wet brining. The highest values of pH and water activity were 0.83 and 6.25, being respectively the loin cuts, fish farming area, and the tail area of environmental reserve. The centesimal composition analysis in all stages of the study, and the shelf life found that the 90-day experiment, the best results were presented by the tail, dry cuts at 40° and 45° c. The analysis undertaken in this study did not allow for establishing differences in quality of dry salted fish from both areas of origin. It is suggested that must be performed concurrent sensory evaluation studies and microbiological products, to corroborate the results of physico-chemical parameters.