Composição química e potencial biológico dos óleos essenciais de annonaceae dos campi INPA e UFAM

Abstract

Species of the Annonaceae family, characterized by the presence of alkaloids, diterpenoids and acetogenins, are also known for their essential oils that have as main constituents caryophyllene oxide, -caryophyllene, spathulenol, germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene. These essential oils have different biological activities, including antileishmaniasis, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptives effects. Several members of this family are of great importance in popular medicine; however, the number of species that have been examining is extremely low, about 10% of the 2400 existing species. In order to minimize the lack of chemical and biological studies of this family and considering chemical and pharmacological potential, this work aims to study of the chemical composition and the therapeutic potential of essential oils of Amazonian species. For this study were selected 19 species belonging to the genera Anaxagorea (1), Annona (4), Bocageopsis (1), Ephedranthus (1), Guatteria (8), Unonopsis (2) and Xylopia (2) collected in the Campus of INPA and/ or UFAM. The essential oils from leaves, branches and fruits were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed for their chemical compositions by GC-FID, GC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR. Caryophyllene oxide was the major constituent of most oils: leaves of Annona insignis (35.4%), Guatteria blepharophylla (55.7%), G. foliosa (33.7%), G. olivacea (31.2% and 18.5%), G. scytophylla (21.4%) and the branches of G. blepharophylla (51.0%); followed by spathulenol in leaves of Anaxagorea brevipes (19.1%), Bocageopsis multiflora (20.3%), Ephedranthus amazonicus (16.9%), G. schomburgkiana (19.7%), Unonopsis stipitata (26.8%) and Xylopia aromatica (21.5%). Other major constituents were β-caryophyllene (14.7% in the leaves of A. amazonica and 22.2% in the leaves of A. exsucca collected in the INPA), ar-curcumene (33.7% in the leaves and 10.0% in the branches of G. guianensis), exo-2-norborneol acetate (10.3% in the branches of B. multiflora), elemicin (71.9% in the branches of U. guatterioides), 1-epi-cubenol (12.7% in the branches of G. scytophylla), selin-11-en-4α-ol (50.0% in the leaves of U. guatterioides), β-eudesmol (8.2% in the leaves of G. friesiana), linalool (11.4% in the branches of A. amazonica), γ-muurolene (20.2% in the leaves of A. exsucca collected in the UFAM), (Z)-nerolidol (38.2% in the fruits of A. mucosa), α-pinene (13.3% in the fruits of X. aromatica) and β-pinene (20.2% in the leaves of G. hispida and 15.8% in the leaves of X. benthamii). Considering that most of the major constituents of essential oils have proven cytotoxic in tumor cell and antimicrobial activities, essential oils were subjected to these two pharmacological tests. The essential oils more cytotoxic by cell viability assay were of the leaves of E. amazonicus, G. blepharophylla and G. friesiana. The antimicrobial activity by microdilution method for Gram-positive bacteria was significant, but for Gram-negative bacteria was weak compared to the positive control. This work presents the unpublished study of the chemical composition of fifteen essential oils.