Avaliação inicial de Combinações de Copa/Porta-enxertos de Citros na Região Metropolitana de Manaus, AM

Abstract

Citrus comprises a large number of fruit plants of socioeconomic importance, whose production chain depends heavily on technification and technologies adapted to production regions. Although numerous citrus rootstocks and canopies are available at germplasm banks in Brazil, there are no studies indicating alternative varieties for cultivation in the Amazon. Knowledge about high adaptability genotypes and combinations of these genotypes is important not only for the safety of the production chain, but also for the increase of productivity and fruit quality. The objective of this work was to select canopy / rootstock combinations that best adapt to Amazonian conditions by evaluating the growth and yield of orange trees, as well as to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of orange fruits on different rootstocks. The trial was set up in an experimental area of 3.43 ha, in which two trials were conducted (Trial I and Trial II), both installed in early 2013 in Rio Preto da Eva / AM in tight spacing (6.5 x 2.5 m). Production was evaluated by the variables productive efficiency, productivity index and accumulated production from May to August in the years 2017 to 2019, as well as small harvests in September and October of the same years. Fruit quality was evaluated during the production period by the total soluble solid (SST), total titratable acidity (ATT), Ratio (SST / ATT), technological index (IT) and juice percentage (%) variables. All variables were subjected to analysis of variance, Spearman correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that the ‘Pear’ /CNPMF and ‘Pear’ D6 orange grafted on TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059 were the best combinations for fruit production and quality under the conditions of metropolitan Manaus. TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059, ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ and ‘Sunki Tropical’ rootstocks are best for promising combinations in the metropolitan Manaus-AM region. These rootstocks were the most adapted in local conditions, being the most prominent in the production and quality of fruits. The ‘Rubi’, ‘Lima’ orange and ‘Pineapple’ crowns showed excellent fruit qualities in combination with TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059, even higher than the ‘Pear’ / CNPMF and ‘Pear’ D6 crown fruits. but with lower productivity than these.