Aproveitamento dos subprodutos da extração do óleo do pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) para a obtenção de bioprodutos

Abstract

The lauraceae family stands out for its species with great economic importance, among then Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, used in the essential oil extraction. Its essential oil is made up mainly of linalool, used as a fixative in perfumery. The byproducts of the rosewood extraction are generally employed as an energy source for heating boilers in their own plants. These byproducts contain substances with high potencial for use as biobased. The present work aims to study the byproducts of extraction of Aniba rosaeodora Ducke essential oil to enable a better understanding of the metabolites found in the byproducts, as well as better use of raw material by industry. Branches and leaves of Aniba rosaeodora were collected in the Reserva Ducke. The solid and liquid byproducts of industrial oil extraction of A. rosaeodora were obtained in partnership with Magaldi Agro Industrial Ltda. The collected branches were submited to six different methods of alkaloids extraction. Among then, three were selected due the yield obtained, the quality and the practicality of the methods. These three selected methodologies were applied to the industrial solid byproducts. The alkaloidal fracions obtained were analysed by mass spectrometry to compare the alkaloidal profiles. The liquid byproducts were centrifuged to obtain the oily fractions, which were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector and a mass spectrometer. An aliquote of hydrolate was lyophilized and another aliquote was subjected to experiments with XAD-4 resin, in order to obtain concentrated fractions of organic substances present in hydrolate. These samples were analysed by mass spectrometry in a similar way to alkaloidal fractions obtained of solid byproducts. The chemical alkaloidal profiles obtained by mass spectrometry of alkaloid fractions showed peaks consistent with the alkaloids anibine, duckein and reticuline. Others peaks detected were consistent with coclaurine, N-methylcoclaurine, boldine and norboldine, already reported in Lauraceae. Among the alkaloids detected, the anibine, reticuline and N-methylcoclaurine were observed with higher relative abundance in the mass spectra. The oily fractions obtained from hydrolates showed constituents in common with the essential oil, with differences in the concentrations of these substances. The oily fractions showed linalool as majoritary substance, besides the α-terpineol and geraniol. The fractions obtained from lyophilized hydrolates and XAD-4 resin experiments showed complex composition, suggesting the presence of several substances. Some of alkaloidal fractions obtained from industrial byproducts have shown promise in relation to cytotoxic activity. There were also observed antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fractions obtained from industrial byproducts and anibine against Bacillus subtilis. The results showed that the byproducts present the same alkaloids found in A. rosaeodora, indicating that the industrial extraction of the essential oil did not cause significant degradation of these molecules. Thus the byproducts of extraction of A. rosaeodora essential oil can be potencial sources of new products, promoting the best use of raw material.