Viabilidade do uso de resíduos agrícolas no cultivo do cogumelo medicinal Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst.

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum it is a fungus that arouses considerable interest worldwide because on their numerous properties, it is reported mainly for their medicinal power, and it may be used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer and AIDS. It is a mushroom that has the ability to thrive in a multitude of lignocellulosic wastes, since they produce lignocellulolytic enzymes, specialized to degrade this type of raw material. The G. lucidum species has several distinct lineages, and also nutritional requirements that vary in relation to the collection site and the type of substrate. Therefore, it is necessary to know the substrates, and the situation of the most suitable growing to the different strains of G. lucidum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of two strains of Ganoderma lucidum on agricultural waste as well as to perform chemical analyzes of basidiomata obtained in cultivation. The experiment was conducted at the premises of the module Mushrooms FCA / UNESP-Botucatu, SP, in which two strains were used: GLM-09/01 GLM and 10/02 both grown in waste, oat straw, bean straw, straw brachiaria grass Tifton straw and sawdust in two situations: with (20%) and without supplementation (0%) of wheat bran. All the waste came from dumps of agricultural activity resulting from Botucatu-SP. Both treatments were performed in 10 replications, totaling 200 packages. The cultivation of mushrooms totaled 95 days, later we assessed the biological efficiency of the treatments and it was performed and their chemical analysis of initial and residual substrates and basidiomata obtained. EB values (%) ranging from 0.0% to 6.7%. In the chemical analysis of the mushrooms, in the parameters, total protein, ether extract, crude fiber and ash, the results ranged from 8.7% to 13.7%, from 2.0% to 6.7%, 0.83% 1.79% to 38.8% and 54.5% respectively. Thus, it is concluded that from the substrates analyzed, those with the highest income were the base of straw brachiaria 20% in both strains tested (GLM 10/02 and GLM 09/01 and bean straw to 20% GLM on 10/02 line. The mushrooms showed high levels of ether extract, ash and fiber and low protein content.