Precipitação pluviométrica e a produtividade do guaraná no município de Maués-AM

Abstract

This paper presents a study about the city of Maués, in the State of Amazonas, located in the North region of Brazil, where is a large part of the Amazon rainforest, a region of high rainfall during the year, which contributes to the development of a great diversity of vegetation, as the native guarana of the Amazon. The city of Maués is located at latitude 3° 23’ S and longitude 57° 40’ W, and it is part of the microregion of Parintins. Guaraná has a cultural connection and it is the main source of the economy of the city, and its production impacts the economy of the city positively or negatively. The rainfall is a fundamental element for the reprocutive phenophases, such as the phenological events, planting, flowering, maturation and harvesting of the guaraná. Based on this, the objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship of the rainfall and the productivity of guaraná from 1985 to 2014. As a way to reach this objective it is necessary to understand the spatial and temporal variability of the rainfall. For this we used estimated and observed data. Given the scarcity of data observed in the Amazon region, were used the estimated rainfall data of PERSIANN-CDR which has a spatial resolution of 0.25° x 0.25 (27,75km x 27,75km) and cover the entire area of study. The rainfall data are available from 1983 to the present day. The observed rainfall data from the Automatic Surface Weather Station (ASWS) were also used. The ASWS was installed in the city of Maués in 2008, and the data were made available by the National Institute of Meteorology (NIM). This paper is based on a bibliographic and comparative research with a quantitative approach, according to the geosystemic theory. The technical procedures were based on the use of manipulation and visualization programs, time series calculations, spatialization and rainfall variability creation maps, and on electronic planners in statistical applications. The punctual comparison of estimated and observed rainfall data, overestimates the rainfall, but it can reproduce the variability and the spatialization monthly and annually. During the period there was a fluctuation in the productivity, which was caused by the rainfalls at the time of flowering and by the lack of management of the guarana plantations due to the progressive and accelerated decapitalization. According to the analysis of the monthly average graphs and the annual accumulated, it was possible to visualize the spatiality and the variability of the rainfall in agreement with the signature of the rainfall seen in the graphs. The results were satisfactory in relation to the comparison of the estimated and observed rainfall data. The estimated data when compared to the observed data, overestimates the rainfall, but it is able to reproduce the annual and monthly variability.