Desenvolvimento de produtos com espécies vegetais amazônicas para a indústria de preservativos

Abstract

The development of products using plant species of the Amazon region is innovative, particularly in the manufacture of condoms. The use of plant species from the Amazonian biodiversity should be viewed, besides its commercial and economic potential, as a factor for encouraging cooperative activities, thereby promoting the extraction of vegetable oils. This aim of this work was to develop new products from plant species, for use in the manufacture of condoms. The macro-phase of the development process involved different studies with the botanical species: Acmella sp (jambu), Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer, Astrocaryum ulei Burret, Attalea phalerata Mart ex. Spren., Atallea tessmannii Burret, Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl., Euterpe precatoria Mart, Mauritia flexuosa L. f., Oenocarpus mapora H. Karst., Oenocarpus bataua Mart. and Theobroma grandiflorium (Willd. ex.Spreng.). Morphoanatomical analyses were carried out, highlighting the macroscopic characteristics of these species, and the histochemical and morphostructural characteristics of the species Acmella sp, A. tessmannii and O. bataua. Extraction processes involving percolation, infusion, decoction and maceration of the flowers (JAMFL), stems (JAMCF) and leaves (JAMFLO) of jambu - a native flowering plant of the region - cultivated in soil and by the hydropony system, were carried out with chlorinated solvet, hexane, and inorganic salt solution (ISS), which after analysis by GC-MS, showed the alkamide N-isobutyl-2(E),6(Z),8(E)-decatrienamide to be the main constituent, with the highest content being visualized in the chromatogram of the sample JAMFL/SSI. The samples of the jambu extracts JAMFL, JAMCF and JAMFLO were submitted to pharmacological assay to evaluate their topical anesthetic action. The sample JAMFL/SSI showed similar anesthetic activity to the control drug, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate. The vegetable oils were extracted by mechanical pressing, done by hand, and by a Soxhlet apparatus. The best yields were obtained by mechanical pressing of the plant materials of B. excelsa (70%) and M. flexuosa (69%). All the oils were assessed by physical/chemical analyses, and it was found that the parameters acidity, iodine and peroxide levels were lower for oils obtained from the seeds than for those obtained from the pulp. The samples analyzed by GC-MS furnished chromatograms containing mainlyunsaturated fatty acids, with linoleic acid being the majority component in four species, and linoleic acid only in the oil of O. mapora. The oils obtained were derived from esters in the laboratory on a semi-pilot scale, and the ones that proved most stable in the oxidative stability tests and chemical and chromatographic analyses were coded as ESMURIET, ESCOCET and ESURIET. The Amazonian lubricant was developed and qualified based on three esterified oils of the plant species studied, selected according to their physical and chemical characteristics and the results of the chemical composition following the chromatographic analyses. After the pharmacotechnical development, the amazonian lubricant was added to the condom and approved in the physical tests required by RDC 62/08, as well as the non-clinical tests such as irritability and sensitivity of the mucosa, guaranteeing safety of the product. This lubricant is an innovative product that can help decrease the use of silicone fluid in the manufacture of condoms. The comparative, double-blind clinical study was conclusive in demonstrating its safety of use (irritability and sensitivity of the genital mucosa), and its subjective efficacy in the lubricating action of the condom.