Análise dos enunciados discursivos dos itens das Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias do Enem em Libras

Abstract

The central theme of this research is Enem in Libras as a dialogical communicational activity with two types of discourse genres (printed test and video test), in which discursive statements are propagated through items from four areas of knowledge, and in this dissertation we will emphasize seven items from Biology belonging to Competency 8 and Skill 28 of the Reference Matrix of Natural Sciences and their Technologies. The main objective of this study was to analyze the changes in discursive genre in the items of the Sciences of Nature and Their Technologies of the Enem tests from the printed/digital type in Portuguese to Libras from 2017 to 2021, and the impacts on the conceptual conception of Biology terminologies. As for the theoretical threads of the research, we focused on the theory of dialogism of the Bakhtin Circle, anchored to the assumptions of the extraverbal enunciative-discursive dimension of Volóchinov (2017), as well as the conceptual perspectives on the genre of discourse of Bakhtin (2016). The methodological path thus consisted of three analytical approaches: 1. The types of discourse genre with an emphasis on the multimodal aspects of utterances (verbal and non-verbal); 2. The context of Enem's complexity, with an emphasis on the conceptions of the sphere of production and circulation of the discursive genres in which this exam is set, incorporating the elements of the extraverbal dimension - theme, space and time, and axiology and the elements of the verbal dimension - thematic content, compositional construction, style; 3. Conceptual linguistic elements of scientific terminology (terms/concepts in Portuguese and signs in Libras) present in the Enem items in Libras. Our results show that the difference that configures the change in discourse genre from the source test (printed) to the target test (video test) is mainly due to the use of different multimodal linguistic resources through verbal elements (signs - oral/written) and non-verbal elements (visual/imagetic signs - gestures, posture, illustrations and others). In addition, the translation of the terms/concepts of the physical test, when translated into Libras signs in the digital test, changes not only the statements, but also configures the change of spheres/fields in terms of the conceptual aspect. Another relevant piece of information presented in this research concerns the multilingualism that the discursive statements of the items propagate, both because of the various thematic contents present in them, as well as the cultural multiplicity - multiculturalism and the multiplicity of language/multispeech disseminated in various media. Finally, we would like to point out that the results show that most of the signaling of terms/concepts is done using visual elements that are representative of everyday life, which, from a scientific point of view, do not present the real conceptualization of the terms/concepts, which justifies the need for new studies to create and incorporate new signs to increase the vocabulary/lexical framework of scientific terminology in Libras.