Avaliação da prevalência e do perfil de virulência de Candida spp. bucais isoladas de pacientes portadores de doença periodontal e diabetes tipo 2

Abstract

Candida yeasts are common inhabitants of the oral cavity and can cause infection in immunocompromised as in Diabetics. The yeast may be isolated from periodontal pockets and these patients give a superinfection above. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and virulence profile as the adhesiveness and enzymatic activity of proteinase and phospholipase Candida spp. isolated from periodontitis diabetic patients. Periodontal pockets samples of 30 patients with diabetes and glycemic control variables situations and 30 patients without diabetes were collected. The samples were collected with swabs help and absorbent paper points and seeded in Petri dishes containing agar Sabouraud dextrose with chloramphenicol and incubated at 37 ° C. The isolates were identified by classical methods used in mycology. Isolates of Candida were subjected to tests of adhesiveness and phospholipase and proteinase activity. Yeasts were found in 26.7% of patients. The average age of the case group and control patients were 56 and 50 years, respectively, with significant difference between groups (p = 0.026). Twelve individuals with diabetes had yeast (40%) and four non-diabetic patients (13.3%) with a significant difference (p = 0.041) between the groups. The greatest number of isolates in the group corresponding to the case C. albicans (23.3%), followed by C.krusei (6.7%), C. tropicalis (6.7%) and C. glabrata (3.3%). In the control group the highest prevalence was also of C.albicans (6.7%) followed by C.krusei (3.3%), C. tropicalis (3.3%). Individuals with diabetes and high blood glucose glycated hemoglobin had a significantly higher percentage of yeasts in periodontal pockets (p˂0,05) than nondiabetic individuals. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis developed grip and proteinase and phospholipase activity in the two groups tested (p=0,269). Candida krusei had a weak grip and proteinase activity only in the diabetic group. Strains of C. albicans and non-albicans developed virulence factors suggesting that immunosuppression, age and loss of glycemic control in these patients may contribute to the colonization of yeast in periodontal pockets and consequent progression of periodontal disease.