Impactos ambientais provocados pela implantação de loteamentos urbanos na área de proteção ambiental Tarumã/Ponta Negra no município de Manaus-AM

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the environmental impacts caused during the implementation and operation of land divisions in the APA, to propose adequate procedures for environmental licensing of the activity, along with environmental agencies. The identification and qualitative characterization of the environmental impacts have been realized from the use of the method List of Control ("Check-List"), which consists in the glimpse and the list of consequences (impacts), when is considerate the transformative potential of the environment physical, biotic and anthropic causes (impacting activities). To facilitate their evaluation, the method of Leopold Matrix, which facilitated the visualization and assessment of impacts on different components of the environment. To identify waterways, was used 1:50,000 basemap IBGE, using ArcGIS 9.3 softwere and Cadastral base of the City of Manaus, SEMEF scale of 1:2,000. After systematic data above was used to effect the SRTM image density of the watercourses in the area of Urban APA. For the spatio-temporal, multispectral images were used TM / Landsat 5, QuickBird, in the period that comprises the years 2001, 2005 and 2008 as well as aero-photogrammetric data (aerial photographs) for analysis of the temporal evolution of environmental degradation APA. Possibilitaramde Studies show that from the viewpoint of environmental impacts are common to the "Sizes", which differs only in intensity and magnitude of them. This information was evident when were making inquires about the impacts, which was concentrated in lots of different sizes: two medium-sized and two large-sized array and qualitative and quantitative. It was demonstrated that the allotments of Large Size with low population density tend to cause relatively less significant impacts than others who occupy smaller areas, considered in Small and / or Medium-sized, however, occupied more intensively. It was verified that the housing lot makers are responsible only for the suppression of plant part of the blending infrastructure (installation of building site, road system and recreation area), leaving the responsibility of the owners, the deforestation of the lots. This procedure revealed that a large portion of deforestation is the result of occupation of the plot, made without authorization from the Environmental Agency, disregarding the criteria of the legislation and no monitoring of construction, disrespecting the legal reserve area and interventions in the vast majority of Permanent Preservation Areas -APP. On the temporal analysis, the supervised classification was performed on Total Area of the APA, allowing the calculation of the dynamics and spatial-temporal process of deforestation, with allowance for the analysis of the study area which is its urban area. In the period 2006-2008, the rate of deforestation over the area of the BB was 63.26%. However, over the period analyzed, there was a reduction, an increase of only 6.36% and rate of progression was 59.78%. Analyzing the evolution of deforestation in the Urban Area of the APA, it was found that the main vectors of deforestation were: exploration of mineral products for immediate use in construction, crops, vegetation removal activities for industrial facilities, as well as invasions of areas, than the allotments.