A construção verbal V1DAR + PREPOSIÇÃO PARA/PRA/DE + V2INFINITIVO: uma análise sociolinguística da fala de moradores de Humaitá (AM))

Abstract

This research is a variation study, of syntactic nature, whose general objective is to investigate the verbal construction V1DAR + PREPOSITIONPARA/PRA/DE + V2INFINITIVE: a sociolinguistic analysis of the speech of residents of Humaitá (AM), in order to contribute for knowledge of Brazilian dialect areas. The specific objectives are: i) to describe the variants of the variable “verbal construction V1DAR + PREPOSITIONPARA/PRA/DE + V2INFINITIVO” in “Humaitaense” speaking (AM); ii) analyze the linguistic and extra-linguistic conditioners that may or may not be influencing the variation in the “use of the verbal construction V1DAR + PREPOSITIONPARA/PRA/DE + V2INFINITIVE” in the speech of the inhabitants of Humaitá (AM); iii) discuss whether the variation in the “use of the verbal construction V1DAR + PREPOSITIONPARA/PRA/DE+ V2INFINITIVE” in the speech data of the residents of Humaitá (AM) constitutes a stable variable or if it is in the process of change through observation of time apparent (age). As a theoretical contribution that supported this study, we have the Theory of Variation and Linguistic Change, whose greatest representative is William Labov. The research corpus consisted of data obtained through field research (sociolinguistic interview), data from the CoLingAM project, as well as written data from social networks. Concerning the corpus of field research, we have 19 informants stratified into ‘age’ groups (18 to 35 years, 35 to 56 years and 56 years onwards); ‘schooling’ groups (5 to 9 years of schooling /Elementary II and 9 to 8 years of schooling/High School); 10 informants from the ‘countryside’, 5 men and 5 women, and 9 from the urban area, 4 men and 5 women. The corpus of the CoLingAM project consists of 12 informants, 6 from the rural area and 6 from the urban area, distributed as follows: 2 adolescents (aged 14 to 17 years), 2 adults (aged between 25 to 45 years old) and 2 elderly people (over 60 years old), always a man and a woman. As for social networks, data was collected from private conversations and in Whatsaap and Facebook groups. In this research, the following independent linguistic variables were controlled: 'V1: nominal forms', 'V1: types of auxiliary (mode, aspect)', 'V1: verbal tense' and 'V1: verbal person', 'V2: conjugation verbal', 'V2: verbal paradigm: conjugation', 'V2: verbal paradigm: radical' and 'V2: semantic trait' ; and the following extralinguistic independent variables: ‘zone’, ‘gender’, ‘age’ and ‘schooling’ for speech data, and ‘time frame’, ‘social network’ and ‘gender’ for written data. After surveying and coding the data obtained, statistical analysis (Goldvarb X). The main results were: the variants of the variable “the verbal construction V1DAR + PREPOSITIONPARA/PRA/DE + V2INFINITIVO in “Humaitaense” speaking (AM) are “Dar de” (45%) and “Dar pra / para” (55 %). Still, as for the independent variables, after due exclusions and amalgams, they showed themselves to favor the variant “dar de”: ‘age’, suggesting that the variation under study is in the process of change through the observation of apparent time (age). In the writing data, the most recurrent variant was “Dar de” (56%). With regard to conditioners, considering some exclusions and amalgams of factors and groups of factors, none were selected by the statistical program used. Finally, it is hoped, with this work, to have contributed to the advancement of sociolinguistic studies in the northern region.