Caracterização morfoagronômica de gerações de Capsicum annuum x Capsicum chinense

Abstract

Belonging to the nightshade family, peppers and peppers (Capsicum spp.), In general, they are shrubby plants with pungent or sweet fruits. The cultivation is of great economic importance, especially when it adds value to the product. They make an extraordinary part of the market fresh vegetables and processed in Brazil. The great diversity of genetic material within the genus Capsicum favors and enables their use in breeding programs, seeking to produce the best quality fruits and resistance to diseases by resistant cultivars. Hybridization is one of the methods of improving employees to promote genetic variability necessary in obtaining new cultivars and the expansion of the genetic basis of cultivars in use. The identification of interesting agronomic characteristics for plant breeding is an important factor in the selection of varieties that may be used in commercial plantations or in species conservation work. The objective of the present work, study the agronomic characteristics of generations of Capsicum annuum x Capsicum chinense Jacquin, using quantitative and qualitative data on the characterization of generations and quantitative data in the realization of heritage study. The parents, F1, F2 and the two backcrosses were evaluated in experiments in a randomized block design with three replications in Western EMBRAPA - Manaus - Amazonas. The morphoagronomic were performed using descriptors recommended by IPGR. All genetic-statistical analyzes were performed using Microsoft® Office Excel 2013 program and the computer program in genetics and statistics, GENES, version 1.6.2014. From the data obtained from the parents and the F1, F2 and backcross were studies done with means and variances. Among the results include the pollination of flowers 50% in manual crosses performed to obtain the F1 hybrid; heterosis in negative values for the F1 generation, a reduction of the magnitude of the average in the F1 generation in relation to the average of the parents; characters in the number of flowers per axilla and length of the fruit, the heterosis values were positive; in assessing the correlation between characters of fruit, positive correlations were obtained for the length character and weight of the fruit and to the character width and weight of the fruit in all generations. With the exception of plant height character, the additive effects were more important than the effects of dominance denoting potential for obtaining superior segregating gains. The results demonstrate the possibility of selecting individuals with characteristics of high agronomic interest, such as length and weight of the fruit.