A biodiversidade de macrofungos (Basidiomycota) e a etinomicologia no Sudoeste da Amazônia

Abstract

The issue of the diversity of life has always been on the agenda. Macrofungi belong to the Fungi kingdom and have been known for more than 3,000 years by Asian people. They are used by traditional Chinese medicine, with the aim of strengthening and promoting greater resistance against organic disorders. In this context, in the history of mankind, all knowledge about the world and about things, has been conditioned by the geographical, ecological and cultural context. The transformation of biodiversity products into wealth will depend on technology, investments in the productive sector, control of the production chain, the market, among others. In the case of the Amazon, the exploitation of these biodiversity products has always sinned by the formation of economic cycles. Thus, according to the fragmented knowledge about fungi in the Amazon region, this work aims to contribute to the knowledge about the ethnomycology and biodiversity of macrofungi in the municipality of Humaitá-AM. The collections for the identification of fungi were carried out in two different periods, dry and rainy, the first comprising the month of August and the second comprising the month of November 2019 on the trails of the training base of the 54th BIS in Humaitá-AM. The beginning of environmental perception was first with excursions with residents in four neighborhoods in the municipality. The study was explained and discussed with each resident without any problem regarding access to the information granted. Semi-structured interviews were used, aiming at obtaining socioeconomic, mycological and utility data on the species of fungi found. Based on the collections carried out, there was a rich biodiversity of fungi present in the 54th BIS. The main families found were: Polyporaceae, Marasmiaceae, Ganodermataceae, Agaricaceae. According to the analyzes obtained on perception, it was observed that 71% of the residents do not have knowledge about fungi, and the interviewees who mentioned having knowledge were associated with fungi with diseases, among those mentioned: mycoses and chilblains. Therefore, this study contributed to discover the rich local biodiversity about fungi and opens up perceptions to deepen the ethnomicological perception of human society.