A mulher no ensino profissional em Manaus: visibilidade, espaços e dinâmicas na ETM e ETFAM (1937-1971)

Abstract

This work aims to analyze the spaces occupied by the woman and the dynamics in front of her activities performed in vocational education at the Technical School of Manaus (ETM) and the Federal Technical School of Amazonas (ETFAM) in the period from 1937 to 1971. The temporal cut was due to the need to start with the year 1937, period of the new State (1937-1945), according to the same time that occurred the creation of the Technical School of Manaus (ETM); And until the decade of 1971 when the Federal Technical School of Amazonas (ETFAM) deliberations, on January 8 of the respective year, the authorization of the enrollment of women in the courses offered. The research is relevant when visibilizing the woman, showing that her activities go beyond the private space, and that when facing a patriarchal society, seeks for equal rights, and becomes subject in history. In the decade of 60 to 70 Brazil underwent political, cultural transformations, and women, during this period, claimed better conditions in the public space, were already working in factories, joined the universities and were influenced by the movements Feminists in the United States and Europe. Thus, the specific objectives that guided the research were: 1) contextualize The history of women and their insertion and visibility in the world of work and education; 2) To examine the indications about women in vocational education in Manaus in the ETM and ETFAM in the face of educational policy in the period 1937 to 1971; and 3) Describe the women in the occupied spaces, as well as their functions, dynamics and activities at the Technical School of Manaus (ETM) and the Federal Technical School of Amazonas (ETFAM). The method we elected was history based on the Social and Cultural perspective. This conception was concerned with the studies about the forgotten and marginalized individuals, including the woman, and consequently gives us epistemological and theoretical bases for the development of the historical narrative. This is a documentary research, in which the primary sources were collected in the general archives, the archives of the coordination of Academic Control (CCA) and the Museu Moacir Andrade, all located in the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas ( IFAM). These documents were inside file boxes and the record was through photographs. The collection of documents was also carried out in public and private collections, libraries, newspapers, and complemented with normative documents, decrees and laws, according to the period researched. Through the sources found and problematized, the women who occupied these positions and the spaces, went through little discrimination, some had higher education, and influential parents and husbands in the Manauara society. Before the transition from the schools of apprentices to industrial and technical schools in the government of Getúlio Vargas, in 1942, the Capanema reform was implemented by the Minister of Education Gustavo Capanema with the organic laws of education, and that Regulated secondary, industrial and commercial education and the creation of the National Industrial Learning Service (SENAI). It was with the changes of the Organic Law of Industrial Education that the organization of education and vocational training gained more visibility. With LDB No. 4.024/61 There was a reformulation in the structure of vocational education and changed the teaching in the country again. Thus, the research highlights in 3 chapters the woman in history, female work and occupied spaces in the ETM and ETFAM.