Atributos do solo e emissão de CO2 em área de terra preta arqueológica sob cultivo de cacau no município de Apuí, AM

Abstract

The Soil Anthropic Terra Preta can be found in many types of soils, but its origin is still a little bit unknown. These soils are characterized by high fertility that it is attributed to the physicochemical properties of organic matter, they have well-drained horizons, with texture ranging from sandy frank to silty frank and they have low values of bulk density, aeration conditions, porosity and hydraulic conductivity appropriate to promote water infiltration and facilitate gas exchange. So, this work has aimed to analyze the soil properties and CO2 emission in an area of soil anthropic Terra Preta under cocoa cultivation in Apuí City - AM. It made the mapping of an area of 42 x 88 m TPA cultivated with cocoa. It was marked sampling points in spacing of 6 x 8 m, being made the collection of soil at depths of 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20 - 0.30 m. It was determined texture, soil penetration resistance, bulk density, moisture, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity of the soil, aggregate stability, total organic carbon (TOC), CO2 emission, soil temperature and humidity. The physical attributes of Soil Anthropic Terra Preta present strong spatial dependence, with the exception of soil resistance to penetration depth of 0.20-0.30 and porosity total volume at depths of 20 to 0.30 and 0.10-0.20 that had moderate dependence. The kriging maps of variables indicate that the spatial variation of CO2 emission is mainly influenced by the moisture and density of soil.