Dinâmicas e ideologias linguísticas em contextos escolares׃ uma etnografia do Ensino Secundário Geral em duas escolas selecionadas na cidade de Maputo, Moçambique

Abstract

With the main objective of understanding linguistic dynamics and ideologies in school universes, this is an ethnographic research, carried out in two selected schools in the city of Maputo, Mozambique, among students from General Secondary Education (which is equivalent to secondary education in the Brazilian case) , aged 16-17 years old, who speak two languages on average; among secondary and higher education teachers aged between 37-52 years old, who speak an average of three languages; among government agents, the Ministry of Education and Human Development (MINEDH) among which some are simultaneously teachers and others are just workers, they speak an average of three languages, aged between 37-52 years old; in addition to entities that finance the education sector in Mozambique such as UNICEF and UNESCO. To understand how social subjects live their linguistic experiences in everyday life, but also to understand how in these spaces their languages mean. Thus, the results of the study point to social agents who, despite the fact that they are inserted in social contexts where they are forced to use an official language to the detriment of the national ones, and are required to have a profile that does not meet their modus linguistic operandi. These find strategies to resist this imposition. These strategies consist of combining, mixing and/or borrowing national languages in the classroom, during class, during the resolution of exercises, in explaining subjects, following some bureaucratic processes. The elites, aware of the multilingualism that characterizes Mozambique (school and bureaucratic places in particular) ignore this fact, trying to silence the subjects and their languages. It is noteworthy that sometimes this silencing is naturalized by the social agents themselves when they defend that their languages have no value, are inferior or less beautiful, they will not give access to formal employment, to socioeconomic privileges, however the praxis of the subjects is contrary to this speech.