Entre a terra e a água: modo de vida camponês no médio Rio Amazonas, Parintins-AM

Abstract

The peasant, which is this work, has its formation from both local interests, as exogenous to the Amazon, on capitalist expansion. This peasant is understood as long as a contradiction of capital, as it, to the reproduce of itself, also plays non-capitalist forms of production. From this prerogative, it is believed that the social formation of the “camponeses-ribeirinhos” in the Middle Amazon River in Parintins - AM, has been influenced by both internal and external issues to the world lived their subjects. This work aims, through its general objective, understand the way of life and social organization of family agricultural production in the communities of Santa Rita do Boto and São Sebastião do Boto, Middle Amazon River, Parintins - AM. These locations have a history of ancient occupation, dating back to the nineteenth century. Through periodization, we tried to identify the different historical moments that contribute significantly to the formation/consolidation of the peasant in the Middle Amazon River. Also, to the riparian understand the peasant as long as a way of life, sought it to know how the “camponeses-ribeirinhos” have reproduced itself and which socio-spatial transformations occurred in the Middle Amazon River and how impacted the peasant territoriality in floodplain environment. It was observed that the socio-economic transformations in the economic devaluation of forest products and jute, by the third quarter of the twentieth century, led to important changes in the floodplain as greater pressure on ichthyofaunal resources, and the cattle farming on the sandbank High floodplain and on the dry land accompanied by short-cycle agriculture. It was observed that both fisheries as cattle farming showed significant changes to the old affirmation and/or the emergence of new territoriality. Even before the economic transformations “camponeses-ribeirinhos” have maintained a an intense relationship with not only the land but also with water to obtain income and food, an important characteristic that throughout all periods analyzed contributed to the peasant stay in field. Lastly, it appeared that the way of peasant life has been maintained not only in its relationship with the land-water, their economic practices, but also, through their cultural practices, solidarity, and sociability. The religion it is also important, either through the intervention of the Catholic Church with the organization of communities and the celebration of the patron saints, either through maintaining old practices that enable resistance and peasant stay in the field.