Leveduras associadas ao ninho das abelhas sem ferrão Melipona interrupta e Cephalotrigona femorata (Apidae: Meliponini): identificação e aspectos biotecnológicos

Abstract

Native stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini), as well as the other social insects of the order hymenoptera, present symbiotic interactions with the yeasts, indicated as the main responsible for the processing of pollen, fermented food preferred by the meliponids, and by the fermentation of other vegetal materials taken to these nests. In this project, it was proposed to identify yeasts associated with the nest of two Amazon native bees and establish a reference database for Amazonian strains. For this, the substrates (pollen, honey, larval food and wax) were collected from the nest of Melipona interrupta and Cephalotrigona femorata in three meliponaria, located in Iranduba, Parintins and Paraná de Parintins, (n = 12 samples). The methodological procedures adopted in this work are as follows: (1) isolation in YPD, (2) screening in CHROMágar for separation of the isolates in groups of colors, (3) DNA extraction, (4) screening for RFLP standards based on the amplification of the 18S, ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 and D1 / D2 regions of the 26S rRNA gene and digestion of the amplicon with the Dde I restriction enzyme. The amplicons of the different profiles were sequenced and the identification was achieved comparing the sequences against the nucleotide databases of the INSDC consortium using the BLASTN tool. A total of 749 nest bees associated yeasts were isolated, among these 15 lines were identified, namely: SM01 Candida sp., SM02 Hyphopichia sp., SM03 Rhodotorula sp., SM04 Wickerhamiella versalitis, SM05 Debaryomyces sp., SM06 Candida orthopsilosis, SM07 Candida apícola, SM08 Metschnikowia sp., SM09 Zygosaccharomyces siamensis, SM10 Hanseniaspora opuntiae, SM11 Pichia sp., SM12 Pichia kluyveri, SM13 Trichosporon asahii, SM14 Kodamaea ohmeri and SM15 Aureobasidium sp. This work contributed to (1) the identification of yeast associated to the natives stingless bees, (2) contributed to the databases through the deposit of complete nucleotide sequences, useful for yeast identification, (3) established thirteen new RFLP standards, (4) in addition to compose a database of yeasts, which from this bank, future works may prospect processes and biomolecules of biotechnological interest.