Uma contribuição metodológica ao cálculo do valor adicionado nas atividades de exploração de recursos naturais latentes

Abstract

Some municipalities of Amazonas, in Brazil among others, have in the explotation of mineral resources one significant source of tax revenue. However, these recipes do not appear compatible with the volume of resources extracted from their basements when the transfers occur ICMS. These transfers should meet exactly the concept of Value Added enshrined by economic theory, which underpins the National Accounts of the economy of a country. Since this mismatch occurs, then, the concept deserves to be revised to incorporate solely the concept of cost of exploitation of natural resources dormant when they are inserted in the production process. Taking this assumption into account, the aim of this research was to build a Methodological towards providing a better understanding and way of calculating the value added when referring to natural resources latent. In terms of specific objectives aimed at: a) Conduct a critical literature review on the concept of added value and fundamentals that guide their use for purposes of redistribution of Tax on Goods and Services (ICMS), and must be passed municipalities in the amount of the installment scheduled constitutionally b) Providing a broader view about the latent natural resources, in order to clarify their understanding as factors of production, c) Building a methodology for calculating the value added in terms of the Constitution and present a case study, stating the application of the concepts covered in the proposed methodology, developed in a city in the state of Amazonas, specifically the city of Coari. For the conformation of the methodology started with the theoretical framework embodied in the need to measure all the economic system, especially in the case of the wealth generated in any region. For this reason the concept of Value- Added VA being the core element of the Theory of Social Accounting, was used for the empirical verification of the actions, as this concept is effectively used to organize income statistics regional and / or national level. Based on a methodology similar to the production function of the neo-classical economists approach the VA was performed using the concept of Productive Process General-PPG, which established that the cost of extraction of natural resources Latent-cortex is embodied VA itself in these raw materials latent result of the sum of all costs of the factors applied in the extraction of such resources, yet its commercialization extent that such materials are to be valued at market. It is the end that the VA (at cost factor cf) of the products from underground Coari / AM was computed by the method Latent Natural Resources, 8.62% participates in the formation of VA (at the cost of factors cf) of the state of Amazonas, and that such interest from the point of view of IBGE, results in only 2.77%. This difference of 170% between the macro-regional indicators in question, if considered, would fix a social injustice in favor of Coari.