10 anos de Intoxicação exógena no Amazonas

Abstract

Introduction: Exogenous poisoning is defined as a set of harmful effects produced by one or more toxic or toxic agents that affect the biological system, altering its function or causing death under certain exposure conditions. Objective: To determine the profile of reports of exogenous intoxications in the state of Amazonas, between the years 2010 to 2019, registered in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases – SINAN. Methodology: Cross-sectional epidemiological study to evaluate confirmed exogenous poisoning notifications in the state of Amazonas between 2010 and 2019, in which 16 variables were selected. The exogenous intoxication rate was calculated per 100 000 inhabitants in the state of Amazonas, using IBGE data, as well as the data on the socio-demographic profile of the intoxicated people were analyzed, the profile of exposure to intoxication and, finally, the outcome of the case. The analysis performed was through descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel® 2016 and RStudio software, using frequency tables, as well as contingency tables between sex and age group, and toxic agent group and exposure route. Results: 4110 notifications confirmed in the state of Amazonas were analyzed during the study period representing 44.9% of the data collected. As for the intoxication rate, it was observed that in a decade there was a high growth of confirmed notifications in Amazonas, which started in 2010 with a rate of 2.2 per 100 thousand inhabitants and in 2019 with 18.4 per 100 thousand inhabitants. Most reports were from drugs of abuse (2039 reports - 49.61%), followed by medication (454 notifications - 11.05%). There was a predominance of men between 18 -39 years old (56.77%). Most occurred in their own homes (71.34%), more than 50% took place in the capital and the urban area concentrated more than 80% of cases. Regarding the outcome, most cases required hospital care, but without hospitalizations. The drug toxic agent group required more hospitalizations (25.33%) than intoxications caused by drugs of abuse (4.32%). And most cases progressed to cure without sequelae. Conclusions: Exogenous poisoning by drugs of abuse were predominant in the state of Amazonas, differing from other states in Brazil, which present medication poisoning as the most prevalent. Measures to minimize the effects caused by drugs of abuse must be implemented, especially alcohol, since it triggers serious social problems from premature deaths caused by chronic diseases, deaths related to traffic, among others. The study also presented high numbers of ignored data found, emphasizing the need to promote improvements in the quality of the information provided and in the organization of data communication, so that health authorities can better understand the local epidemiology in order to reduce the damage caused.