Contexto socioambiental e percepção da doença de Chagas no Alto Solimões, Amazonas

Abstract

The natural environment has been deteriorating in dynamic evolutionary and historical processes. In this way of thinking, decades have passed and the losses and alterations of this natural heritage are visible, showing themselves to be sick and damaged. The fruit of this disorder has many names called, environmental changes, deforestation, fires, water pollution, climate change, social inequalities, emergence and resurgence of diseases. From the epidemiology of Chagas disease since its discovery by Carlos Chagas, this disease continues to grow and present in different states of the Brazilian Amazon. In the state of Amazonas, transmission in the region has been pointed out to the oral form, being the contamination of contaminated foods such as açaí, bacaba, patuá, sugarcane juice and buriti wine. With that, the objective of this research was to analyze the epidemiological picture of Chagas disease in the state of Amazonas between the years 2010 to 2019. As complements to correspond to the study in Alto Solimões, it was necessary to carry out a socio-environmental diagnosis and the perception of the urban population and artisanal açaí producers about CD in the municipalities of Tabatinga and Benjamin Constant in Alto Solimões. The methodology used is due to the use of techniques in bibliographic, documentary and field research. For the epidemiological panorama, a survey of Chagas disease was carried out in the state of Amazonas between the years 2010 to 2019 with collection of secondary data on the variables: sex, age, form of transmission, municipalities with records of positive cases, information that collected in DATASUS. For the socio-environmental diagnosis and perception of CD in Alto Solimões, the study was based on an interview guided by a form, containing social, environmental and epidemiological questions about the perception of Chagas disease and socio-environmental practices. As a result of this research, it was found that in the period from 2010 to 2019, there were a total of 125 cases of CD in the state of Amazonas. The years with the highest occurrence were 2014 and 2019, during the months of August, September and December, the most cited form of transmission in the study is by oral route. In this way, the implementation of health education and monitoring activities that work in the long term, in rural and urban areas of the 62 municipalities in the state of Amazonas, are necessary to prevent future outbreaks of disease contamination in the region. From the municipality of Tabatinga and Benjamin Constant in the Alto Solimões region, the study reached a total sample of 230 individuals, distributed among 200 residents of the urban population and 30 artisanal producers of açaí. Where the general age group corresponded from 19 to 80 years and the gender that stood out the most was the female. Finally, it was found that all the two social groups interviewed in the two municipalities in the interior of the state of Amazonas did not know about Chagas disease, but understand the importance of local socio-environmental issues in the region. Therefore, the human being as the main degrader of natural resources needs to rethink their practices and acquire awareness of their actions in the face of socio-environmental issues to develop effective, structural and affective sustainability.