Reestabelecimento da macrofauna edáfica e das propriedades do solo após mudança no uso da terra na Amazônia Central

Abstract

The increasing expansion of degraded areas in the Amazon destabilizes ecosystem services, mainly due to the biodiversity losses. The soil represents one of the largest reservatories of terrestrial diversity therefore is associated with numerous ecosystem services. One of the mechanisms to predict soil ecosystem services is through soil quality indicators, measuring soil physical quality, fertility and macrofauna. Parameters that evidence the sustainability of a natural or anthropogenic ecosystem and consequently changes in the land use system. We evaluated the influence of the land use system on the reestablishment of the edaphic macrofauna and the soil physical-chemical attributes. In the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, a primary forest, an andiroba plantation (Carapa guianensis) of approximately 50 years and a degraded area with similar age of implantation were studied. Macroinvertebrates collections were by standardized protocols (TSBF). Undeformed and composite samples were taken to determine soil physical and chemical attributes, respectively. Data analyzed by variance analysis (ANOVA) and principal coordinates analysis (PCO).There was no difference in the litter contribution between forest and plantation. Termites dominance in the plantation induced difference in the litter macrofauna biomass composition. The Al3 +, Ca2+, Fe, Zn, available P, soil bulk density and potential acidity are the main soil physical-chemical attributes that represent changes in land use. Among these variables, potential acidity can be associated with edaphic macrofauna distribution. Carapa guianensis tree dominance induced variations in richness, diversity, equitability and litter macrofauna biomass composition. Vegetation reestablishment, even with the tree species dominance, restores and conserves (exclusively) soil macrofauna.