Resíduos de açaí e guaraná como substrato para produção de mudas florestais na Agricultura Familiar do sul do Amazonas

Abstract

The research aimed to produce substrate from agricultural waste that was used in the production of forest seedlings. The importance and justification of the work developed was to demonstrate that we can reuse agricultural waste that is disposed of inappropriately, and that can be used in the formation of the organic substrate. It is very important to pay attention to obtaining seedlings, an important step to acquire quality seedlings, thus having a percentage in the field. main objective was the production, characterization and evaluation of substrates originating from Amazonian by-products in the production of forestry seedlings native to the Amazon region. The work was carried out from 2019 to 2020 in the greenhouse of the Institute of Education, Agriculture and Environment - IEAA of the Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM located in the Municipality of Humaitá, Southern Amazonas. Andiroba seeds (Carapa quianenses AUBL) were used, the seeds were collected in December 2019 in a private property, in the São Francisco Settlement Project, Canutama / AM. Agricultural residues from açaí stone and residue from the decomposed guarana grain, bovine manure, soil and sand were used. Biometric characteristics were evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, weight of the shoot's wet matter, weight of the shoot's dry matter, stem length, weight of the shoot's wet matter, weight of the shoot's dry matter stem, root length, weight of the root wet matter and weight of the root dry matter. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, when significant with the comparison of means using the Scott-Knott test at the level of 5% of significance, using the computational package R. In the granulometric analysis the substrate soil + sand + manure + graraná residue in the ratio 1: 1: 1: 3 - (T7) was superior to T1 which is the control substrate, the substrates soil + sand + manure + guaraná residue in the proportion 1: 1: 1: 2 - (T6 ), soil + sand + estreco + açai residue in the proportion 1: 1: 1: 1 - (T2) and soil + sand + manure + açai residue in the proportion 1: 1: 1: 3 - (T4) were what showed a lower percentage compared to the control substrate. In the chemical analysis, the substrates showed availability of nutrients in different quantities. Regarding the biometric analysis of the seedlings, the T7 substrate was superior to the other substrates compared. It was concluded that the substrate T7, where it is composed of soil + sand + manure + guarana residue in the proportion 1: 1: 1: 3, was the one that best corresponded and presented the superiodiade in the results and development of the seedlings.