Classificação de Unidades Ambientais na paisagem da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Sanabani, em Silves-Amazonas

Abstract

The present study aimed to define the Sanabani basin’s environmental units, located at Silves – Amazonas. The soil was the key element to delimit this unit. The methodological procedures use are divided in three steps: first -literature revision and systematization of data; second – work field, where collected soil samples, quantification of the local vegetation; third – laboratorial analyses, physical and chemical soil analyses. At the end of the methodological procedure were elaborated chart-maps spatializing the environmental units and dividing them by levels considering the sustainability degrees (sustainable environment, medium environment and unsustainable environment). The present dissertation have as referential the System General Theory, (BERTALANFY, 2015), Complexity Theory (MORIN, 2010), Units classification by the methods of Bertrand (1971) and Tricart (1973), Sotchava (1977), where were used concepts adapted from the each author to the study area. The Sanabani watershed is cross by the roads AM-330 and AM-363. The surroundings of these roads present unprotected soil, landslides and erosion features, a total of 22 gullies. The border the river Sanabani River do not present vegetation, being the most vulnerable areas at the Sanabani Watershed. In general, it’s identified two types of soil, the yellow oxisoils and the Spodols, thus classifying two different environmental units. The Sanabani watershed presents three degree of sustainability:sustainable environment, medium environment and unsustainable environment, represented, in this research, by: EN+S=Pe, whereEN –is referred to the natural elements;S –to society; Pe–is referred to the landscape in equilibrium,being a theoretical presupposed based on the ideas of Bertrand (1971), considering the human being insert in the natural system and to the formula EN+S²=Pi,where theEN – referees to the natural elements; S² - referrers to the intervention developed by the society which changes the natural system; Pi –means the instable landscape, being the presupposed at the Sotchava (1977) theory, where the human being is outside the natural system, once the landscape is uncharacterized, becoming external agent to the environment.