Função pulmonar em indivíduos pós COVID-19: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a disease that mainly affects the respiratory tract, leaving it vulnerable and exposed to infections that compromise the pulmonary system. COVID-19 can leave multiple organ sequelae, ranging from physical and cognitive abnormalities to functional limitations. Objectives: To elucidate the impacts on lung function in post-COVID-19 individuals. Methods: Scope review developed according to the JBI methodology and the PRISMA-ScR recommendations were followed. The following were included: studies with moderate and severe post-COVID-19 patients, of both sexes, aged ≥ 18 years; studies that evaluated pulmonary function by pulmonary function tests such as spirometry and pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO); studies in any geographic and clinical context. Searches were carried out for studies published in the MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, without time frame or language limitation. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers. Data extraction was performed using a tool developed by the reviewers themselves. Results: 13 studies were included in the review, with a total of 1373 participants, between 18 and 61 years of age, of both sexes. Most of the included studies were observational in design (11/13) and all 13 were published in English. The most used pulmonary function test was spirometry. The main ventilatory disorder found was restrictive. Conclusion: The impacts of COVID-19 on lung function mapped were mostly restrictive spirometry abnormalities and altered pulmonary gas diffusion. Most studies indicate that a significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors have impaired lung function between 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge.