Qualidade do lenho de duas espécies amazônicas com base na densidade básica, anatomia e por método não destrutivo de ondas de tensão em área de manejo florestal

Abstract

The optimum use of the potential of the forest by using technological tools in forest management, such as nondestructive method, may assist in decision-making processes of companies in their use with Amazonian species in the face of its huge diversity. The aim of this study was to analyze the wood of forest species trees by nondestructive method to determine the quality in an area of forest management. Data collection was carried out in a forest management area located in Itapiranga, Amazonas, Brazil. In the first phase was developed nondestructive evaluation with the emission of stress waves with the Stress Waver Time equipment in trees of Goupia glabra and Ocotea neesiana in the longitudinal, diagonal and transverse directions. With the wave propagation time, it was calculated the speed of wave propagation and the dynamic elasticity modulus (DEM). After exploration, it was analyzed the physical state of the logs to check the plant and it was withdrawn discs of each individual. The second phase was performed by cutting the disks into test specimens for the determination of the basical density, maceration and histological section to obtain anatomical variables. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the basic density, speed and DEM, the ANOVA of DEM in function of reading directions and Tukey test, the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) process for groups of individuals hollow and not hollow and descriptive analysis of anatomical variables. The transverse direction was the most distinguished among all forming a pattern of variation in the readings of waves. The wave emission technique enabled the grouping and formation of quality classes with the DEM of hollow and not hollow individuals that can be used by the company for decision making processes. There was a relation of the anatomical structure with the propagation of waves.