Um estudo descritivo do sentido passivo em textos do português registrado no Amazonas no século XX

Abstract

Our research investigates the syntactic constructions with passive meaning in Brazilian Portuguese, with the general objective of describing the syntactic constructions with passive meaning in texts from Jornal do Comércio in the 20th century, and as specific objectives: to identify the verbal forms that relate to the passive sense and understanding how deponency motivated the formation of passivity in 20th century texts. The selected editions were from the months of January, February and March 1910 with a total of 272 data. To select, we separated the syntactic constructions into three forms: active, passive and reflexive, with 58% of active occurrences, 40% of passive and 2% of reflexive, respectively. Regarding the active, we find 4 variants: intrinsically passive verbs (VIP), form with ergativation, infinitive form, gerund form; to passive, analytic passive form (VPA) and pronominal passive form (VPP); and the reflective form. We also verified that the variant with the highest incidence is the VPP with 44% in the editions of Jornal do Comércio do Amazonas. We limited our search for constructions to a section of the newspaper, the advertisement, as it is closer to the spoken language. With data analysis, we tried to respond to the hypothesis raised for this work: there are other syntactic constructions with a passive sense, in addition to the traditional passive forms. In this work, we take into account the passive sense explained by Bechara (2009) and Hauy (1992), as a way to understand the functioning of sense. We also used to define it the thematic roles through Cançado and Amaral (2016) and Cançado (2018), and the semantic properties proposed by Cançado (2005). We found that we found constructions with passive meaning: active, passive and reflexive forms, we also observed that the passive form has a variation of meaning in relation to the pronominal passive, sometimes passive, sometimes active with the subject's indeterminacy, when the verb is in the singular. We found a construction not listed in active form in the material before: gerund, being added in the data analysis. We observed the number of occurrences of active and reflexive forms, sufficient to prove the hypothesis raised in this research.