Políticas sociais e aglomeração rural no Lago do Limão - Iranduba/AM

Abstract

Some municipalities of Amazonas have experienced population growth in recent years. Among which, Iranduba, with a population increase of 72.89% over the period 1991-2000. In this town stands the district of Lake Lemon, who despite not provide economic development, has experienced as verified on the spot, a population growth over the past 40 years. Thus, it is assumed that the growth of this district is not related to economic growth, but the income transfer policies, such as the Bolsa - Family, pensions, Cash Benefit (BPC), beyond the minimal infrastructure offered as schools, health clinics, among others. Accordingly, after the application of form, held a correspondence analysis in order to verify whether in fact these variables contribute to the decision to migrate to the interior of the cluster, and confronted the incomes earned from productive activities with revenue comprised for income transfers in order to check whether the transfers are higher than the rents of productive activities. By these methods it is concluded that the factors tranquility and education were crucial in the decision to migrate, however, the benefits are not associated with any such decision. The answer in relation to the factors that determined the migration refute the neoclassical hypotheses in which the individual migrates in search of economic opportunities. However, migration from Lake Lemon to Manaus undoubtedly confirm such theories, since the population leaves the rural village towards the city in search of economic opportunities offered by it. Moreover, the income consists of social benefits proved to be greater than the activities of a rural social benefits without assuming a preference to receive benefits than produce. Pensions stand out as the main source of income. It appears from this study the importance of social benefits in economies that have low momentum, since at Lake Lemon, declined significantly families without income after the implementation of GMP. It should be emphasized that according to the IBGE, the Lake Lemon showed decline in their overall population in the 2000-2007 period, refuting the hypothesis of growth. However, there was space to expand, attributed to the "new families" that required new homes. The families that inhabit Lake Lemon, for the most part, they practice fishing and extraction for consumption, in addition, state high resident satisfaction in the cluster. Anyway, it is necessary to discuss the maintenance of the population in rural areas, due to availability of basic infrastructure such as education and health, in addition to income transfer programs, which somehow contributes to a sustainable space, in other words, reduction in population pressure in large cities.