Formulação de enxaguatório bucal à base de extrato de Libidibia Ferrea

Abstract

The use of Phytotherapy is a therapeutic method which can be used for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases such as caries and periodontal disease. Among the plants used, Libidibia ferrea (L. ferrea), known as jucá or iron wood, is widely used in folk medicine by presenting anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and antipyretic therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro pharmacological stability of a mouthwash of L. ferrea extract (INPA - 228 022), therefore, analyzed the antimicrobial activity of the formulation against microorganisms present in the biofilm - Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 7469) and Candida albicans (DPUA 1706) by microdilution technique, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of the formulation; it was held the mouthwash contaminants control by determining the total number of microorganisms and Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus; stability characteristics ( color, odor, brightness and consistency) were analyzed, the pH measurement, sedimentation test and density evaluation; cytotoxicity was assessed by hemolysis and cell culture test; it was tested the erosive potential by microhardness test (Knoop hardness) and verified the ability of the mouthwash to induce dental stain (spectrophotometer / CIE lab). The results were tabulated and described by descriptive statistics and when indicated, through non-linear regression, calculating the mean and standard deviation (SD), Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Bartlett and Tukey’s tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The mouthwash presented bactericidal activity against all the organisms tested in the concentrations of 0.55 mg/ mL, 0.6 mg/ mL, 0.65 mg/ mL and 0.25 mg/ mL for S. mutans, S. oralis, S. salivarius and L. casei, and fungicidal activity of 0.25 mg/ mL for C. albicans. No changes were observed in the organoleptics and sedimentation characteristics such as microhardness of dental enamel. The contaminants test evaluation showed to be absent for all organisms studied. The average pH values were 6.21, 6.15 and 5.85 at 0, 30 and 60 days, respectively, and 1.029, 1.035 and 1.033 g/ L density values, with statistical difference over time, but without interfering with the final characteristic of the formulation. The L. ferrea mouthwash showed no hemolytic activity, but the vehicle caused hemolysis with EC50 of 300.5 mg / mL. The test showed that the Alamar BlueTM mouthwash induced no cytotoxic effect when in fibroblasts (MRC-5) contact, with IC50 values above 50 mg / mL, but induced significant color change of bovine teeth. Therefore, it can be concluded that the L. ferrea mouthwash presented conditions of stability and quality without contaminants; bactericidal and fungicidal activity against microorganisms of the biofilm; it was not cytotoxic by hemolysis and cell culture tests; it did not change the enamel microhardness, however caused color change after prolonged use. Additional studies are needed to improve the mouthwash characteristics in its ability to change color and make it feasible for use in everyday practice.