Do assentamento ao agronegócio: uma etnografia das migrações, políticas e dinâmicas territoriais em Apuí (Amazonas)

Abstract

This research investigated the migratory flows driven by colonization policy, as well as its social effects, based on an ethnographic approach carried out in the city of Apuí, southern Amazonas. The survey was performed at the Projeto de Assentamento Rio Juma, the largest in the country, seeking to reconstitute the process that allowed this settlement to be progressively incorporated into the formal land market. For this purpose, we worked with theoretical-methodological instruments such as frontier, colonization policies, migratory movements and life trajectories. The work relied on the use of bibliographical research to historically situate the region surveyed, that is, Tapajós-Madeira. The writing of the thesis contemplated: the rubber economy and its impacts on communities that inhabited the region; the opening of the BR 230 brazilian road, the Transamazonica and the policy of colonization undertaken by the military governments and, finally, three distinct migratory processes for the settlement: the paranaenses of the municipality of Francisco Beltrão that arrived in 1983; the families that migrated from Rondônia, from 1990; and brasiguaias families (Brazilian migrants and their descendants living in Paraguay), who crossed the international frontier, starting in 2000. The thesis emphasized the current strong presence of agribusiness in the municipality of Apuí. The research, based on the multiple configurations that the settlement constituted over time, allowed elucidating the diversity of population movements in the face of tensions between the agrarian and environmental frontier and transformations in the territorial projects focused on the Amazon in the last thirty years. The history of the PA Rio Juma clearly expresses the diversity of policies and distinct orientations that permeated the Amazonian territorial development.