Do rural ao urbano: abordagens sobre as mudanças nos padrões alimentares de moradores de áreas de Assentamentos Rurais do Amazonas

Abstract

The dissertation presents approaches on the changes concerning food patterns found in the daily life of lowland and dry land dwellers living in the rural settlements in Amazonas. This analysis points out the actions of the national public policies related to food security, agrarian reform and Bolsa Família, the income generation program, in two settlements of the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma INCRA. The first settlement is located in the floodplain area, in Manacapuru, and it is called Costa do Caldeirão, SDP (Sustainable Development Project) and the second area is located in Nova Olinda do Norte, in Paquequer settlement, FSP (Federal Settlement Project). The studies carried out in these areas have allowed collecting geographic information, environmental, socioeconomic and cultural conditions, and especially, recognition of the way these public policies influence the increase family income, market relations, family farming activities and consumption of processed foods by the settlers and their relationship with the market. The research was carried out in two moments; in the flood and river ebb periods, and involved seventh families benefited from Bolsa Família Program in each of the settlements, providing an A Sample of two hundred and eighty participants. In order to identify changes in the dietary pattern of the interviewees, three methodological approaches were carried out, such as: collecting information with R24h application forms (24-hour Reminder Method), filling in the FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) and analyzing isotopic proportions of Carbon (δ13C) and Nitrogen (δ15N) identified in the keratin of participants' nails. The results of the isotopic analyzes vary according to the greater or lesser consumption in natura, processed or ultraprocessed foods found in the participants' diets. The research allowed to evaluate the relationship between life in the city and life in the countryside in the periods of flood and ebb of the rivers, associating these moments with the process of transition of food patterns experienced in the daily life of the settled population, pointing as a result, the existence of changes found in the dietary patterns of the participants with the progressive abandonment of the local menu and the adoption of an urban diet based on the consumption of processed and ultraprocessed food.