Parâmetros fisiológicos de três espécies de tucunaré (Cichlaspp.) do lago de Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas

Abstract

Cichlas spp. constitute a group of fish that present great importance in the Amazon region, since they stand out as edible fish, in sport fishing and also have potential to be used as ornamental fish. The present work aims to establish the hematological characteristics and the ecophysiological relationships of three species peacock bassCichla monoculus, Cichla temensis and Cichla vazzoleri from Lake Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas. The animals were captured with the help of rod and reel, hand line with natural and artificial bait. Blood was drawn by caudal puncture and hematological data were determined according to methodology previously described in the literature. In the erythrogram, only the hemoglobin concentration and the Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)were observed, where C. monoculus presented a difference in relation to the other two species investigated. The thrombogram showed similarity among the three species investigated, the total count of leukocytes showed that in C. temensis the values are larger to the other species, it was demonstrated that lymphocytes were predominant in C. temensis and C. vazzoleri. In plasma metabolites, it was possible to observe differences among the three species of peacock bass in the levels of proteins, glucose, triglycerides, urea, chlorides and potassium. In the physical properties of the water it was demonstrated that pH was lower in the places where the C. temensis were captured. Regarding the echophysiological interactions, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the erythrogram showed an interaction of 86.26% (x axis = 52.70%, y = 33.56%). It is observed that C. temensis and C. vazzoleri are species closer than C. monoculars. The PCA of the thrombogram and leukogram showed no interaction 50.73% (x axis = 29.31%, y = 21.42%). The PCA of the plasma metabolites showed no interaction in which it presented only 51.55% (axis x = 29.01%, y = 22.54%), however, there was a tendency in the x axis, in which C. monoculos appears to be a species with different ecophysiological patterns of C. temensis and C. vanzzoleri. In the analysis of the physical properties of the water, interactions of 96.59% (axis x = 63.29%, y = 33.30%) were observed, in which X C. monocular and C. vanzzoleri inhabit exclusive locations for each species. It is concluded that the three species of peacock bass present in the lake of Balbina present hematological differentiation and in the pH of the water, indicating that they have differentiated responses in oxygen uptake, in the immune response of their blood cells and in the physiology of the plasma metabolites. The interaction between the biological, ecological, hematological and water properties of the occurrence sites of three species of peacock bass from the Amazon region is evidenced for the ecophysiological interactions. It is possible to conclude that the C. monoculos presents differentiated patterns of C. temensis and C. vazzoleri, indicating that this species presents differentiated ecophysiological aspects, in which it must be managed and conserved in a differentiated way of the other species of peacock bass of the Amazon region.