Metabólitos secundários de fungos anamorfos da Amazônia com ação antimicobacteriana

Abstract

The infections by Mycobacterium species have a hard treatment due the resistance of those microorganisms in relation a most common antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. This study had objective to select biocomposts producing Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma from the Amazon region and to evaluate in vitro the activity against M. smegmatis and its cytotoxicity. The 102 selected microorganisms aleatorily, Penicillium (n=34), Trichoderma (n=34) and Aspergillus (n=34) were analyzed by the gelose block. The species producing of active biomolecules against M. smegmatis were cultivated in YES for the compositions extraction in different polarities organic solvents. The chemical representatives search was accomplished by Thin Layer Chromatography - TLC and Chromatography in Gaseous Phase Coupled to the Spectrometer of Mass (GC/SM). The promising extracts antimicrobial potential was evaluated by bioautography methods, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the cytotoxicity level using as model microcrustaceous Artemia franciscana. On the 102 anamorphs moulds analyzed by the gelose Block 75,5 % inhibited the M.smegmatis growth. Among those, A. niger CFAM 1000 (halo = 40 mm) P. implicatum CFAM 297 (halo = 30 mm) and T. pseudokoningii CFAM 784 (halo = 60 mm) expressed the largest halos. The TLC analyses demonstrated among 99 analyzed extracts the largest biocomposts number was observed in A. niger DPUA1260 organic extracts (28 composts) and A. tamarii DPUA 1395 (21 composts). In P. fellutanum CFAM 190 and CFAM 295 were evidenced 23 and 20 biocomposts, respectively, while in T. pseudokoningii CFAM 767 and T. harzianum CFAM 428 only 12 biocomposts were founded. The data obtained in GC/SM showed in ethyl acetate extracts (EtOAc) and ethanolic (EtOH) of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Trichoderma species the principals chemical representatives, among others, were composts aromatic, fatty esters, alcohols, diols, long chain hydrocarbons and sterols. With bioautography only extracts of A. niger DPUA 1266, A. tamarii DPUA 1395, A. oryzae DPUA 1412 and A. flavo-furcatis DPUA 1532 [EtOAt (n = 4) and EtOH (n=4)] demonstrated activity antimicobacterial against M. smegmatis. Of those extracts EtOH of A. oryzae DPUA 1412 and A. flavo-furcatis DPUA 1532 showed more efficiency against the microorganism-test with MIC of 31 µg/mL. As the cytotoxicity in Artemia franciscana extracts presented lethality percentile (% L) >50 %, 62,5 % expressed CL50 values inferior to 80 µg/mL, therefore poisonous and the others, 37,5 % moderately poisonous. The presented data are unpublished and contributes to the new bioativos composts knowledge and can come to be used as broiler breeder for new pharmacs discovery.