Comparação da recuperação da pressão arterial entre diabéticos tipo 2 e saudáveis após teste físico submáximo

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 30% of deaths in Brazil. Risk factors include physical inactivity, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is one of the main factors contributing to severe cardiovascular diseases and renal and nerve complications. Regular physical activity can help reduce these risks, especially in diabetic patients, as it aids in lowering blood pressure, reducing vascular complications. Objective: To compare blood pressure recovery between individuals with type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals following submaximal exercise. Methodology: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2024 at the Physiotherapy Laboratory of the Federal University of Amazonas in Coari/AM. It compared post-exercise blood pressure recovery between individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals. The sample was divided into two groups: diabetic individuals (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL) and healthy individuals (without cardiovascular risk factors or comorbidities), selected by convenience from the Basic Health Units of Coari. Participants had their blood pressure measured after 10 minutes of seated rest and then performed the Glittre- ADL test, a physical circuit with a weighted backpack (2.5 kg for women and 5 kg for men). Blood pressure was measured seven times post-test (at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes) to assess recovery time. The study used ANOVA for descriptive analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess data normality, Pearson’s correlation for normal data, and Spearman’s correlation for nonparametric data, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Among diabetic individuals, 16.67% had hypertension, whereas the healthy group demonstrated faster systolic blood pressure recovery after exercise. Diabetic individuals showed a higher cardiovascular risk score (15.1 points), indicating elevated risk compared to the healthy group (3.5 points). In terms of non-modifiable risk factors, diabetic individuals had an average of 1.6 factors, while 77.8% of healthy individuals had none. Regarding modifiable factors, all diabetic individuals had at least one, with an average of 3.6 factors compared to 2.2 in the healthy group. Conclusion: Differences in systolic blood pressure recovery were observed between diabetic and healthy individuals following submaximal exercise, with slower recovery among diabetics and a moderate prevalence of hypertension. Despite sample limitations and age variations, the results highlight the importance of comprehensive monitoring and multi-risk factor control strategies to prevent complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes.