Anemia e citopenias em pacientes HIV/AIDS internados em hospital de referência na região norte

Abstract

AIDS is an advanced clinical manifestation of the infection through the human immunodeficiency virus and represents one of the greatest current health problems, due to its pandemic character and gravity. Infection through HIV presents diverse effects over haematopoiesis, which express themselves on the patient through anemia and cytopenias, and may come from usage of myelosupressive drugs, marrow invasion by opportunistic infections or neoplasms, and even the direct interference of HIV on haematopoiesis. Studies show that HIV-positive patients display greater hematologic and metabolic compromise, consequently becoming more susceptible to opportunistic infections commonly found in AIDS, to progression of the disease and to a high risk of death. The objective of this research was to identify the main hematologic alterations of the HIV/AIDS patients hospitalized at recognized local hospitals in the northern region, to estimate the prevalence of anemia and cytopenias on those patients and to link their hematologic alterations to the main clinical findings, to the use of AZT and to their personal history, seeking to identify possible risk factors. A cross-sectional descriptive-prospective study was developed, with the sample consisted of 34 patients. Most of the patients hospitalized with HIV/AIDS at the HUJBB are men, with ages ranging from 31 to 45 years, have not finished middle school and are self-employed. The most prevalent hematologic alterations were anemia (93,5%), erythropenia on men (100%), leucopenia (25,5%), lymphocytopenia (54,8%), neutropenia (19,3%) and thrombocytopenia (19,5%). Anemia was the most prevailing hematologic alteration, especially for men. No significant connections between the hematologic alterations and any of the clinical findings, usage of AZT and personal history (p>0,05).